User:Tr3ndyBEAR/plants i edited

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This is my attempt to organize a list of plants whose pages I've made contributions to.

Plants cladogram
  • green algae: generally split into Charophyta (carophyte green algaes and land plants) and Chlorophyta, along with the three more basal divisions: Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.
  • Viridiplantae (green plants): Sometimes called green algae, Plantae, Chloroplastida, or Chlorobionta. Together with Rhodophyta (red algae) and glaucophytes, Viridiplantae are thought to belong to a larger clade called Archaeplastida or Primoplantae.
  • Archaeplastida: green algae (including land plants), red algae, and glaucophytes.
  • Spermatophyta (seed plants): This includes all angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes). Along with Monilophytes (ferns and horsetails), they form the euphyllophytes (containing true leaves) within the tracheophytes (vascular plants).
  • Tracheophytes (vascular plants): land plants that have lignified tissues. This includes clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

glaucophytes

Viridiplantae
green algae
  • glaucophyte algae: a small group of freshwater unicellular algae. Only 15 species have been described but more are likely to exist.
  • green algae: a clade of half a million species of eukaryotic organisms. They're made up of green algae and land plants which emerged within the green algae. Therefore, "Viridiplantae" can be seen as a synonym of green algae.
  • Mesostigmatophyceae: a class of basal green algae that contains a single genera and 2 species.
  • Spirotaenia: a genus of basal green algae.
  • Chlorokybus: a monotypic genus of basal green algae.
  • chlorophytes: sister clade of the charophytes. It contains about 4,300 species of green algae. 90% of these live in fresh water. All chlorophytes are unicellular except for Palmophyllophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. Some members form symbiotic relationships with protozoa, sponges, ciliates, forams, molluscs, cnidarians, or fungi (forming lichen), but the majority of species are free-living.
    • Monostroma kuroshiense, the most expensive algae, is cultivated in South America and East Asia.
    • Prototheca is the cause of protothecosis which affects dogs, cats, cattle, and humans (though infection is rare).
    • Chlamydomonas nivalis, one of the main algae responsible for causing watermelon snow. It thrives in freezing water. Many species such as ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, ice worms and springtails feed on C. nivalis.
  • charophytes: along with the chlorophytes and some smaller groups of basal green algae, they make up the green algae. They are equivalent to the streptophytes.
  • land plants: all land plants. Embryophyta is a clade within the larger Phragmoplastophyta

Flowering Plants

There are 64 orders in this classification scheme with an estimated 352,000 species.

Flowering plants cladogram

key: ★ = monotypic order (single species) ☆ = monotypic order (single genera) ◇ = small order (less than 100 species) ⁂ = large order (over 20,000 species)

angiosperms

Amborellales ★

Nymphaeales

Austrobaileyales

Chloranthales

magnoliids
⊞(4 orders)
⊟
monocots
⊞(11 orders)
⊟
flowering plants

Gymnosperms

These are seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The gymnosperms and the angiosperms (flowering plants) together form the spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants). When including extinct gymnosperms in the classification, it is clear that the group is paraphyletic and angiosperms fit within the larger "Gymnospermae" group. However, without those extinct groups, it forms a monophyletic group.

There are 9 orders in this classification.

Non-angiosperm seed plants cladogram
Acrogymnospermae

Pinales

Ferns

Hornworts

Liverworts

Mosses

Green Algae

Not Plants

Red Algae

There are around 7,000 estimated species. Around 95% of which are in the Florideae subclass. None are known to be terrestrial except for 2 cave-dwelling species in the division Cyanidiophyceae. About 5% of species occur in fresh waters, with greater concentrations in warmer environments.

Red Algae consist of many notable seaweeds. Species include Coralline algae which produce calcium carbonate that plays a major role in the formation of coral reefs. Dulce is a red algae that is a well-known snack food and an important source of dietary fiber in Iceland, where it is known as söl. Laverbread, nori, and gim is typically made from the red algae laver and has a high content of dietary minerals including iodine and iron as well as a high content of protein, riboflavin, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin C. It is also used to make agar and many food additives. umutgasari is the most common species used to produce agar.

Brown Algae

There are between 1,500-2,000 species known worldwide. It includes many seaweeds in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae play important roles as both food and habitat for other lifeforms. Kelp are brown algae.

The Sargasso Sea is named for its Sargassum seaweed which form floating mats that serve as habitats for many unique species. For example, young loggerhead sea turtles use the mats as cover from predation until maturity. Macrocystis is a genus of kelp that can reach 60m (200ft) in length and is prominent in kelp forests which support large amount of biodiversity.

Species like Ascophyllum nodosum have been researched intensely for their ability to fix carbon and huge ecological as well as commercial importance. Brown algae also contain many edible seaweeds and medically important species like Sargassum siliquastrum.

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