Talk:Chocolate

Add to Industry of Chocolate section

The chocolate manufacturer market is dominated by only a few large corporations, such as Mars and Hershey, but the production of Cacao is a different story. The farming and production of cacao is 90% comprised of many small family farms, that are 2-5 hectares in size. These small farmers are the most vulnerable part of the chocolate supply chain, they face low wages, harsh working conditions, and even use child labor. The few corporations at the top of a billion-dollar industry control the market, and keep the prices of cacao low, and these small farmers do not see any of the massive amount of money generated by the industry.

References

Add to chocolate Industry Section

There is an interesting disparity between the production and the consumption of chocolate. Chocolate is consumed heavily in the global north, while cacao is produced in the global south.

References

Removed chocol + atl text

Removed "It is possible that the Spaniards coined the word (perhaps in order to avoid caca, a vulgar Spanish word for "faeces") by combining the Yucatec Mayan word chocol, "hot", with the Nahuatl word atl, "water"."

Kaufman and Justeson (2007 p. 226): "Da´vila Garibi (1939) proposed that the Nawa word chokola:tl for the drink chocolate originated, in part, in a Mayan language. This proposal was accepted and elaborated by Coe and Coe (1996:118–119) with data from Yukateko and colonial Kaqchikel. It has been uncritically accepted by some scholars— for example, by Tedlock (2002:170)—but it is demonstrably false. It depends on a misunderstanding of the Kaqchikel sources and on a lack of understanding of the history of a Yukateko word meaning ‘hot’."

Elaborated further on the page. Rollinginhisgrave (talk) 07:23, 16 July 2024 (UTC)

Etymology of Cacao

This is really contested, largely between Kaufman & Justeson and Dakin & Wichmann. I've tried to find where the consensus is and have written out a timeline of sources, NPOV will likely just be "it's heavily contested." Cacao is generally accepted as coming from kakawa-tl. It's being debated whether it's from the Uto-Aztecan language family (which includes Nahua, referred to as UA) which would be a lot more recent, or from Mixe-Zoque language family (includes Olmec, a lot older, referred to as MZ).

• Campbell and Kaufman 1976 argue it originates in MZ.
• Coe and Coe 1996 repeat this, citing Kaufman.
• Dakin and Wichmann 2000 (59) argue the word actually has a UA origin.
• Macri 2005 says archeological evidence supports Dakin’s theory.
• Kaufman and Justeson 2007 release a polemic article arguing the word has a Mixe-Zoquean origin.

The journal Kaufman and Justeson publish in solicits comments and publishes responses to the article in 2011.

• Beekman calls the MZ origin “convincing.”
• Dakin and Wichmann responds, noting that historical linguists often disagree about where words come from and researchers are hypothesizing. They argue against MZ and for UA, taking some things into account, disregarding others.
• Hopkins finds Kaufman’s thesis “convincing.”
• Rosenwig is more muted in approval, citing inability to evaluate etymological minutiae.
• Trivino 2013 says the controversy is still alive, and linguists have “joined the controversy.”
• Coe and Coe 2013 print the MZ origin in their 2013 edition of A True History of Chocolate.
• Law 2017 describes Kaufman 2007 as thoroughly refuting UA theory.
• Swanton 2024 says there is an ongoing and robust debate involving the etymology of cacao.
• The OED and Merriam Webster use the Nahuatl origin.

In terms of substance of debate, this is the best summary: Hill 2019. On the whole, there seems to be more support for the MZ theory, although it is very contested. I'm not sure how to word or source this beyond just saying it's contested, as I'm worried about NPOV if I present them as too equally supported or if I present MZ as more popular by selecting sources (i.e. the 2011 article comments, the Law piece and the Coe and Coe reprint), and ignoring the sources implying equivalence or the dictionaries favouring UA.

Rollinginhisgrave (talk) 12:36, 16 July 2024 (UTC)