Rosamygale

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Rosamygale
Temporal range: Anisian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Avicularioidea
Genus: †Rosamygale
Selden & Gall, 1992[1]
Species:
†R. grauvogeli
Binomial name
†Rosamygale grauvogeli
Selden & Gall, 1992[1]

Rosamygale is a genus of extinct Triassic spiders, with a single described species, Rosamygale grauvogeli.[1] It is the oldest known member of the Mygalomorphae, one of the three main divisions of spiders, which includes well known forms such as tarantulas and Australian funnel-web spiders.[2] It was described by Selden and Gall in 1992, from specimens found in the Middle Triassic (Anisian ~ 247-242 million years ago) aged Gres a Meules and Grès à Voltzia geological formations in France.[1][3] It is also considered to be the oldest known member of the Avicularioidea, one of the two main divisions of Mygalomorphae.[4]

Description

Rosamygale is known from compression fossils consisting of brown-coloured organic cuticle remains of several juvenile and adult individuals, up to 6 millimetres (0.24 in) in length.[3]

Phylogeny

In the original description, Rosamygale was placed in the Hexathelidae, with reservations.[3] However, later studies noted that it was placed in the family based on characters that are plesiomorphic (ancestral) for many groups of mygalomorphs. It can be securely placed in Avicularioidea, one of the two major groupings of mygalomorph spiders based on the absence of an abdominal scutum (a hard plate located on the underside of the body) and well-separated posterior lateral spinnerets (silk-spinning organs).[4]

Palaeoenvironment

The sediments where the spiders were discovered represents a deltaic environment, with the fossil found in what likely was a stagnant brackish pond that filled during the rainy season, surrounded by sparse vegetation.[3] Associated terrestrial fauna includes scorpions, myriapods and insects. With an associated aquatic fauna containing the brachiopod Lingula, clam shrimps, and fish. The authors speculated, due to the nature of the locality, that Rosamygale burrowed into or near the banks of water courses.[3] Primitive avicularioids such as Rosamygale are thought to have hunted using funnel and sheet webs.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Dunlop, J.A.; Penney, D. & Jekel, D. (2017), "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives, version 19" (PDF), World Spider Catalog, Natural History Museum Bern, retrieved 20 July 2017
  2. ^ Fossil Arachnids Page 120 Jason A. Dunlop, David Penney - 2012
  3. ^ a b c d e Selden, Paul A. & Gall, Jean-Claude (1992), "A Triassic mygalomorph spider from the northern Vosges, France" (PDF), Palaeontology, 35 (1): 211–235, retrieved 20 July 2017
  4. ^ a b Magalhaes, Ivan L. F.; Azevedo, Guilherme H. F.; Michalik, Peter; Ramírez, Martín J. (2020). "The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic". Biological Reviews. 95 (1): 184–217. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. ISSN 1464-7931. PMID 31713947. S2CID 207937170.
  5. ^ Opatova, Vera; Hamilton, Chris A; Hedin, Marshal; De Oca, Laura Montes; Král, Jiři; Bond, Jason E (2020-07-01). "Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data". Systematic Biology. 69 (4): 671–707. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz064. ISSN 1063-5157. PMID 31841157.


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