Robert Bruce (trader)
Robert Bruce (1789–1824)[1] was a Scottish arms trader and mercenary soldier on the north-east frontier of India. He took steps towards the introduction of tea plantations in Assam in the 1820s.[2][3]
Life
In early life, Bruce was a naval officer.[4] In 1823 a despatch described Bruce as Indian-born. This was doubted, however, by Edward Albert Gait, who mentioned his brother, Charles Alexander Bruce, and his 1809 voyage to India.[5] According to the Dictionary of Indian Biography, Charles Alexander Bruce was born in Assam, at Jorhat.[6] Robert Bruce was resident at Jogighopa.[5]
In 1821, during the Burmese invasions of Assam, Bruce involved himself in the affairs of the Ahom Kingdom. Having helped the deposed Purandar Singha muster and equip an army in the Dooars, with the help of the East India Company, he led it into Ahom in May of that year, against Chandrakanta Singha. Suffering a defeat, he was taken prisoner. He then agreed to support Chandrakanta Singha, against the Burmese forces of the Konbaung dynasty, who was regrouping in the Goalpara district. With guns and ammunition supplied through Bruce, Chandrakanta Singha took back Guwahati at the beginning of 1822.[5]
Robert Bruce is buried in the cemetery in Tezpur town.
Tea in Assam
Bruce learned from Maniram Dewan that the Singpho people grew tea, which was then not generally known. In 1823, while trading at Garhgaon, he encountered a Singpho chief, who was willing to supply him with botanical tea samples.[7] The chief was Bessa Gaum. Bruce died soon after, in 1824.[8]
The samples found their way to Charles Alexander Bruce, and then to David Scott, commissioner of Assam.[7] The beginnings of tea cultivation in Assam on the British side are credited to Charles Alexander Bruce, based on his activities of the 1830s.[9]
See also
References
- ^ "Robert Bruce Robert Bruce 1789 - 1824 from The Gazetteer for Scotland". www.scottish-places.info.
- ^ Andreas, Peter (2020). Killer High: A History of War in Six Drugs. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-046301-4.
- ^ "Mr Bruce's Report on Assam Tea". Chambers' Edinburgh Journal. 25 January 1840. Archived from the original on 20 December 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2007.
- ^ Jones, Stephanie (27 July 2016). Two Centuries Of Overseas Trading. Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-349-07376-4.
- ^ a b c Gait, Edward Albert (1906). A History of Assam. Thacker, Spink & Co. p. 226.
- ^ Buckland, C.E. (1906). "Bruce, Charles Alexander". Dictionary of Indian Biography. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Lim.
- ^ a b Gait, Edward Albert (1906). A History of Assam. Thacker, Spink & Co. p. 346.
- ^ Excerpts from D. K. Taknet, The Heritage of Indian Tea, Jaipur, IIME, (2002), ISBN 81-85878-01-3
- ^ Jones, Stephanie (27 July 2016). Two Centuries Of Overseas Trading. Springer. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-349-07376-4.
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