Lateral arcuate ligament
| Lateral arcuate ligament | |
|---|---|
 The diaphragm. Under surface. (Lat. arcuate ligament visible at bottom left.) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | ligamentum arcuatum laterale |
| TA98 | A04.4.02.007 |
| TA2 | 2335, 2350 |
| FMA | 58283 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The lateral arcuate ligament (also lateral lumbocostal arch and external arcuate ligament) is a ligament under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the quadratus lumborum muscle. It is traversed by the subcostal nerve, artery and vein.
Structure
The lateral arcuate ligament runs from the front of the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra, and, laterally, to the tip and lower margin of the twelfth rib.[1] It forms an arch over the quadratus lumborum muscle.[1]
Variations
The lateral arcuate ligament is commonly described in anatomy textbooks as attaching at the first lumbar vertebra (L1).[2] However, other instances have been found in cadaver studies with attachments at either the second (L2) or third (L3) lumbar vertebra.[2]
In around 5% of people, inferolateral extensions of the lateral arcuate ligaments, such as thickened nodular areas, are found adjacent to the lateral diaphragmatic surface which can be visualized with computed tomography (CT) scans.[3]
History
The lateral arcuate ligaments were described by Galen, as early as AD 177.[4][5] This was found in his animal dissections performed as part of his Rome lectures, collected in De Anatomicus Administrationibus.[4][5]
See also
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 405 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ^ a b Coakley, Fergus V.; Grant, Michael John; Behr, Spencer; Foster, Bryan R; Korngold, Elena K; Didier, Ryne A (2014-07-01). "Imaging of invasive thymoma in the costophrenic recess presenting as thickening of arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm". Clinical Imaging. 38 (4): 529–531. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.02.002. ISSN 0899-7071. PMC 4048795. PMID 24629791.
- ^ a b Deviri E, Nathan H, Luchansky E (1988). "Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm: attachment to the transverse process". Anat Anz. 166 (1–5): 63–7. PMID 3189849.
- ^ Silverman PM, Cooper C, Zeman RK (1992). "Lateral arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm: anatomic variations at abdominal CT". Radiology. 185 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1148/radiology.185.1.1523290. PMID 1523290.
- ^ a b Galen, Singer C (Trans.) "Galen on anatomical procedures: de Anatomicis administrationibus", Oxford University Press, 1956, p143.[1]
- ^ a b Derenne JP, Debru A, Grassino AE, Whitelaw WA (1995). "History of diaphragm physiology: the achievements of Galen". Eur. Respir. J. 8 (1): 154–60. doi:10.1183/09031936.95.08010154. PMID 7744182.
External links
- Anatomy figure: 40:04-10 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "The abdominal surface of the diaphragm."
- posteriorabdomen at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (posteriorabdmus&nerves)
