Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Importin subunit alpha-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA5 gene .[3]
The transport of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells is mediated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which consists of 60-100 proteins and is probably 120 million daltons in molecular size. Small molecules (up to 70 kD) can pass through the nuclear pore by nonselective diffusion; larger molecules are transported by an active process. Most nuclear proteins contain short basic amino acid sequences known as nuclear localization signals (NLSs).
KPNA5 protein belongs to the importin alpha protein family and is thought to be involved in NLS-dependent protein import into the nucleus[4]
References Further reading
Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (2004). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader" . Front. Biosci . 2 (4): d578–87. doi :10.2741/A213 PMID 9366553 . Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr" . Mol. Med . 4 (3): 138–43. doi :10.1007/BF03401911 . PMC 2230352 PMID 9562972 . Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP, et al. (1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 89 (14): 6580–4. Bibcode :1992PNAS...89.6580B . doi :10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580 PMC 49545 PMID 1631159 . Sharova N, Bukrinskaya A (1991). "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells". AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 7 (3): 303–6. doi :10.1089/aid.1991.7.303 . PMID 2064827 . Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M, et al. (1996). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr" . J. Virol . 69 (12): 7909–16. doi :10.1128/JVI.69.12.7909-7916.1995 . PMC 189735 PMID 7494303 . Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, et al. (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF) . Nature . 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098 . Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J, et al. (1995). "HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase" . Cell . 83 (4): 569–76. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7 PMID 7585960 . S2CID 15536328 . Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA (1995). "Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection" . J. Virol . 69 (6): 3949–54. doi :10.1128/JVI.69.6.3949-3954.1995 . PMC 189124 PMID 7745752 . Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D (1995). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator" . Cell . 80 (3): 379–88. doi :10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3 PMID 7859280 . S2CID 15064293 . von Schwedler U, Kornbluth RS, Trono D (1994). "The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 91 (15): 6992–6. Bibcode :1994PNAS...91.6992V . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992 PMC 44324 PMID 8041734 . Heinzinger NK, Bukinsky MI, Haggerty SA, et al. (1994). "The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 91 (15): 7311–5. Bibcode :1994PNAS...91.7311H . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311 PMC 44389 PMID 8041786 . Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, et al. (1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells" . Nature . 365 (6447): 666–9. Bibcode :1993Natur.365..666B . doi :10.1038/365666a0 . PMC 9524217 PMID 8105392 . S2CID 25678 . Dubrovsky L, Ulrich P, Nuovo GJ, et al. (1996). "Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention" . Mol. Med . 1 (2): 217–30. doi :10.1007/BF03401569 . PMC 2229944 PMID 8529100 . Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, et al. (1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import" . J. Virol . 70 (2): 1027–32. doi :10.1128/JVI.70.2.1027-1032.1996 . PMC 189908 PMID 8551560 . Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK, et al. (1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (1): 367–71. Bibcode :1996PNAS...93..367B . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.1.367 PMC 40239 PMID 8552640 . Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y, et al. (1996). "Evidence for direct association of Vpr and matrix protein p17 within the HIV-1 virion" . Virology . 220 (1): 208–12. doi :10.1006/viro.1996.0302 PMID 8659115 . Popov S, Dubrovsky L, Lee MA, et al. (1996). "Critical role of reverse transcriptase in the inhibitory mechanism of CNI-H0294 on HIV-1 nuclear translocation" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 93 (21): 11859–64. Bibcode :1996PNAS...9311859P . doi :10.1073/pnas.93.21.11859 PMC 38149 PMID 8876228 . Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA (1997). "Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection" . Cell . 88 (2): 171–3, discussion 173–4. doi :10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81836-X PMID 9008157 . S2CID 14097368 . Gallay P, Hope T, Chin D, Trono D (1997). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 94 (18): 9825–30. Bibcode :1997PNAS...94.9825G . doi :10.1073/pnas.94.18.9825 PMC 23276 PMID 9275210 . Besançon F, Just J, Bourgeade MF, et al. (1997). "HIV-1 p17 and IFN-gamma both induce fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase". J. Interferon Cytokine Res . 17 (8): 461–7. doi :10.1089/jir.1997.17.461 . PMID 9282826 .
