Coordinates: Sky map 11h 39m 50.4804s, +00° 36′ 12.8773″

K2-19

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K2-19
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Virgo[1]
Right ascension 11h 39m 50.4803s[2]
Declination +00° 36′ 12.875″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.002±0.009[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type K0 V[4] or G9V[5]
Apparent magnitude (J) 11.596±0.024[6]
Apparent magnitude (H) 11.208±0.022[6]
Apparent magnitude (K) 11.161±0.026[6]
Apparent magnitude (B) 13.798±0.020[3]
Variable type Planetary transit variable[7]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−7.2296±0.0080[8] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −18.673(22)[2] mas/yr
Dec.: 4.571(15)[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)3.3410 ± 0.0196 mas[2]
Distance976 ± 6 ly
(299 ± 2 pc)
Details[4]
Mass0.918±0.064 M☉
Radius0.881±0.111 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)4.50±0.10 cgs
Temperature5250±70 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.10±0.05 dex
Rotation20.54±0.30 d
Rotational velocity (v sin i)3.00±0.50 km/s
Age≥8[9] Gyr
Other designations
UCAC4 454-050261, Gaia DR3 3798833775141351552, EPIC 201505350, 2MASS J11395048+0036129[10]
Database references
SIMBADdata

K2-19 is an early K-type[4] or late G-type main sequence star[5] that is magnetically active, and has a light curve that exhibits variations in brightness of ~1%.[5] It is located approximately 976 light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Three confirmed transiting exoplanets are known to orbit this star.

Planetary system

Discovery

The two outer planets were reported as planet candidates during analysis of data from Campaign 1 of the Kepler spacecraft K2 extended mission.[11] Both planets were confirmed by David J. Armstrong and collaborators, who used ground-based telescopes to detect additional transits and measure hour-long transit-timing variations for K2-19b.[7] They were independently validated along with 20 other planets by Benjamin T. Montet and team.[12]

K2-19d was first reported as a planet candidate during a search for candidates from the first year of the K2 Mission[13] and was later validated by Sinukoff et al.[5]

Characteristics

K2-19 has a planetary system with three known planets, of which the two larger ones, K2-19b and K2-19c, are close to the 3:2 mean motion resonance. All three planets orbit closer to their star than the planet Mercury does to the Sun.[4][14]

The K2-19 planetary system[8][15]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
d <10 M🜨 0.0344(6) 2.5081(2) ? 90.8(7)° 1.11(5) R🜨
b 32.4(1.7) M🜨 0.0762(22) 7.920978(19)[16] 0.20(3) 91.5(1)° 7.0(2) R🜨
c 10.8(0.6) M🜨 0.1001(29) 11.8993(8) 0.21(3) 91.1(1)° 4.1(2) R🜨

References

  1. ^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a Constellation From a Position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695–699. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Vizier query form
  2. ^ a b c d e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ a b Henden, A. A.; et al. (2016). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: AAVSO Photometric All Sky Survey (APASS) DR9 (Henden+, 2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/336. Originally Published in: 2015AAS...22533616H. 2336. Bibcode:2016yCat.2336....0H.Vizier catalog entry
  4. ^ a b c d Nespral, D.; et al. (2017). "Mass determination of K2-19b and K2-19c from radial velocities and transit timing variations". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 601 A128. arXiv:1604.01265. Bibcode:2017A&A...601A.128N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628639. S2CID 55978628.
  5. ^ a b c d Sinukoff, Evan; et al. (2016). "Eleven Multiplanet Systems From K2 Campaigns 1 and 2 and the Masses of Two Hot Super-Earths". The Astrophysical Journal. 827 (1) 78. arXiv:1511.09213. Bibcode:2016ApJ...827...78S. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/78.
  6. ^ a b c Skrutskie, Michael F.; et al. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. Vizier catalog entry
  7. ^ a b Armstrong, David J.; et al. (2015). "One of the closest exoplanet pairs to the 3:2 mean motion resonance: K2-19b and c". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 582 A33. arXiv:1503.00692. Bibcode:2015A&A...582A..33A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526008. S2CID 8463154.
  8. ^ a b Barros, S. C. C.; et al. (2015). "Photodynamical mass determination of the multiplanetary system K2-19". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 454 (4): 4267–4276. arXiv:1510.01047. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.454.4267B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2271.
  9. ^ Narita, Norio; et al. (2015). "Characterization of the K2-19 Multiple-transiting Planetary System via High-dispersion Spectroscopy, AO Imaging, and Transit Timing Variations". The Astrophysical Journal. 815 (1) 47. arXiv:1510.01060. Bibcode:2015ApJ...815...47N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/47.
  10. ^ "K2-19". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2018-12-31.
  11. ^ Foreman-Mackey, Daniel; et al. (2015). "A Systematic Search for Transiting Planets in the K2 Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 806 (2) 215. arXiv:1502.04715. Bibcode:2015ApJ...806..215F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/215.
  12. ^ Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (2015). "Stellar and Planetary Properties of K2 Campaign 1 Candidates and Validation of 17 Planets, Including a Planet Receiving Earth-like Insolation". The Astrophysical Journal. 809 (1) 25. arXiv:1503.07866. Bibcode:2015ApJ...809...25M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/25.
  13. ^ Vanderburg, Andrew; et al. (2016). "Planetary Candidates from the First Year of the K2 Mission". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 222 (1) 14. arXiv:1511.07820. Bibcode:2016ApJS..222...14V. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/222/1/14.
  14. ^ Williams, David R. (2018-09-27). "Mercury Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
  15. ^ Petigura, Erik A.; et al. (January 2020). "K2-19b and c are in a 3:2 Commensurability but out of Resonance: A Challenge to Planet Assembly by Convergent Migration". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (1) 2. arXiv:1910.12899. Bibcode:2020AJ....159....2P. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5220.
  16. ^ Kokori, A.; et al. (14 February 2023). "ExoClock Project. III. 450 New Exoplanet Ephemerides from Ground and Space Observations". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 265 (1) 4. arXiv:2209.09673. Bibcode:2023ApJS..265....4K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac9da4.
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