File:Quartz-permineralized fossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Petrified Forest, Arizona, USA) 1 (49004642997).jpg
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DescriptionQuartz-permineralized fossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Petrified Forest, Arizona, USA) 1 (49004642997).jpg |
Fossil wood from the Triassic of Arizona, USA. (cut & polished slice, CMNH P-26408, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) This beautiful fossil is from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, a multicolored, nonmarine sedimentary unit consisting of coarse-grained siliciclastics (fluvial channel facies) and fine-grained siliciclastics (floodplain facies). Quartz-permineralized fossil wood is famously common in the Chinle Formation (for example, Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona). "Petrified wood" refers to fossil wood that, while buried in sediments, had its microscopic porosity filled with minerals as groundwater percolated through. This fossilization process is technically known as permineralization ("petrified" is a horrible term - never use it in a scientific context). Permineralization can also occur with fossil bones. The most common permineralization mineral is quartz (~pure silica - SiO2), which is the most common mineral in Earth's crust. Stratigraphy: Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site attributed to Petrified Forest, Arizona, USA |
Date | |
Source | Quartz-permineralized fossil wood (Chinle Formation, Upper Triassic; Petrified Forest, Arizona, USA) 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/49004642997 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 November 2019
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15 August 2009
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:31, 7 November 2019 | ![]() | 2,459 × 1,866 (4.5 MB) | commons>Ser Amantio di Nicolao | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F Number | f/4.8 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:33, 15 August 2009 |
Lens focal length | 46 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 16.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 23:22, 2 November 2019 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:33, 15 August 2009 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.906891 |
APEX aperture | 4.526069 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.4 APEX (f/4.59) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash fired, strobe return light detected, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 69 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 200638ad |
Lens used | 18.0-200.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 20:22, 2 November 2019 |
Unique ID of original document | 9F2B94F14F2953BA7E6955AE6D299697 |
IIM version | 18,755 |