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English: Figure 1. A schematic overview of neuro-immune interactions within the mucosa of IBS. Central stress can lead to the stimulation of efferent nerves, causing the local release in the intestinal mucosa of ACh, NK and SP, which interact with α7nAChR, NK1, 2R, expressed mainly on immune cells, and MOR. Some neurotransmitters, such as CRH, VIP and NPY, can be secreted by both immune cells and enteric nerves and interact with their corresponding receptors, CRH1R, VPAC and YR. It is well known that the activation of immune cells like Eos, MC, MΦ and T cells, often located in close proximity to enteric neurons, can lead to inflammation and increased bacterial passage following secretion of histamine and TNF, among other cytokines. Although it may be important, very little is known about the neuro-immune role of EGC, T regs, B and plasma cells in IBS. L cells and EC, located in the intestinal epithelium, are the main sources of PYY and serotonin, respectively, which interact with their receptors, YR and 5-HTR. Those two and other nociceptive receptors such as TRPV1, and H1R are expressed mainly in enteric neurons and are related to hypersensitivity in IBS. Furthermore, the figure illustrates both targets of existing therapies () and potential interactions () that could be targeted for therapeutic strategies in IBS.