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Summary
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English: Proposed model for Nudiviridae assembly and trafficking. (Step 1) Membrane material is accumulated at the replication sites as small vesicles and membrane fragments. Cytoplasmic invaginations (CI) facilitate membrane presence deep inside nucleus. (Step 2) Virion assembling sites occur adjacent to virogenic stroma (VS) and are populated with Tu and fTu, from which the new virions are seen budding out. Inner nuclear membrane (INM) forms finger-like structures (step 3) into the nucleus and growing larger (step 4), eventually engulfing fully formed virions (step 5). (Step 6) Virion filled vesicles are transported into the NE lumen. Budding at the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) (step 7) releases multimembrane vesicles inside the cytoplasm (step 8). (Step 9) Inside the cytoplasm virions can be encapsulated into multivesicular bodies released into the extracellular space in an exosome-like fashion. (Step 10) Membrane fusion in this compartment can occasionally release virions inside the cytoplasm. (Step 11) Fusion on the plasma membrane can release virion filled vesicles into the extracellular space.
Deutsch: Vorgeschlagenes Modell für die Assemblierung und das Trafficking der Nudiviridae. (Schritt 1) Membranmaterial wird an den Replikationsstellen in Form kleiner Vesikel und Membranfragmente akkumuliert. Zytoplasmatische Einstülpungen (CI) ermöglichen die Existenz der Membran tief im Zellkern. (Schritt 2) Virion-Assemblierungsstellen treten neben dem virogenen Stroma (VS) auf und werden mit Tu und fTu besiedelt, aus denen die neuen Virionen herausknospen. Die innere Kernmembran (INM) bildet fingerartige Strukturen (Schritt 3), die in den Kern hineinwachsen (Schritt 4) und schließlich die vollständig gebildeten Virionen aufnehmen (Schritt 5). (Schritt 6) Mit Virionen gefüllte Vesikel werden in das NE-Lumen transportiert. Durch Knospung an der äußeren Kernmembran (ONM) (Schritt 7) werden Multimembran-Vesikel im Zytoplasma freigesetzt (Schritt 8). (Schritt 9) Innerhalb des Zytoplasmas können Virionen in multivesikuläre Körper eingekapselt werden, die in der Art von Exosomen in den Raum außeerhalb der Wirtszelle freigesetzt werden. (Schritt 10) Eine Membranfusion in diesem Kompartiment kann gelegentlich Virionen im Zytoplasma freisetzen. (Schritt 11) Eine Fusion an der Plasmamembran kann viriongefüllte Vesikel in den Raum außerhalb der Wirtszelle freisetzen. |
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Fig. 4 at https://mbio.asm.org/content/11/4/e01333-20/figures-only Visualizing Nudivirus Assembly and Egress. In: ASM mBio 11:e01333-20. PMID 32788378; doi:10.1128/mBio.01333-20  |
| Author | Sailakshmi Velamoor, Allan Mitchell, Bruno M. Humbel, WonMo Kim, Charlotte Pushparajan, Gabriel Visnovsky, Laura N. Burga, Mihnea Bostina; Anne Moscona (Editor) |
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