Equatorial greytail

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Equatorial greytail
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Furnariidae
Genus: Xenerpestes
Species:
X. singularis
Binomial name
Xenerpestes singularis
(Taczanowski & Berlepsch, 1885)

The equatorial greytail (Xenerpestes singularis) is a Near Threatened species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.[2][1]

Taxonomy and systematics

The equatorial greytail is monotypic. It shares genus Xenerpestes with the double-banded greytail (X. minlosi) and together they are sister species to the orange-fronted plushcrown (Metopothrix aurantiaca).[2][3][4]

Description

The equatorial greytail is about 11.5 cm (4.5 in) long and weighs about 12 g (0.42 oz). It is a tiny furnariid that resembles a warbler. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have buff and grayish grizzled lores and a thin buffy white supercilium on an otherwise grayish face. Their forecrown is rufous with black streaks and their rear crown, back, rump, and tail are olive-gray. Their wings are dusky with gray-brown coverts and thin medium brown edges to the flight feathers. Their underparts are creamy white with blurry gray streaks. Their iris is gray-brown, their maxilla slate gray to black, their mandible creamy to pale gray, and their legs and feet olive-brown. Juveniles differ from adults by having gray bars rather than streaks on their underparts.[4][5]

Distribution and habitat

The equatorial greytail is found in the foothills of the east side of the Andes from Ecuador's Napo Province south slightly into northern Peru. It inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest. In elevation it ranges from 1,000 to 1,600 m (3,300 to 5,200 ft) in Ecuador and 1,050 to 1,700 m (3,400 to 5,600 ft) in Peru.[4][5]

Behavior

Movement

The equatorial greytail is a year-round resident throughout its range.[4]

Feeding

The equatorial greytail feeds on arthropods. It forages high in the forest's subcanopy and canopy. It forages singly, in pairs, and in small family groups and readily joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It gleans prey from foliage live and dead, sometimes hanging upside down on the underside of leaves, and also gleans from twigs and small branches.[4][5]

Breeding

The equatorial greytail's breeding season appears to start with nest building in January. The nest is a large ball of sticks suspended from a branch. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.[4]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to equatorial greytail on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The equatorial greytail's song is "a long and dry, almost insect-like and somewhat reeling trill that lasts 5 or more seconds, 'tzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz' ". Its call is a dry "tsit".[5]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the equatorial greytail as Near Threatened. It is scarce and local in its somewhat limited range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. "Its habitats are under intense pressure from conversion to agriculture and cattle pasture, mining operations and logging, with widespread destruction caused by peasant farmers, and tea and coffee growers."[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2016). "Equatorial Greytail Xenerpestes singularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22702691A93886344. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22702691A93886344.en. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
  3. ^ Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Orange-fronted Plushcrown (Metopothrix aurantiaca), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.orfplu2.01 retrieved November 8, 2023
  4. ^ a b c d e f Schulenberg, T. S. (2020). Equatorial Graytail (Xenerpestes singularis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.equgra1.01 retrieved November 9, 2023
  5. ^ a b c d Ridgely, Robert S.; Greenfield, Paul J. (2001). The Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide. Vol. II. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
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