User:Nonenmac/Aspidium
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| Aspidium | |
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| Aspidium filix-mas | |
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| Genus: | Aspidium Sw. 1801
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
Aspidium Sw. is a fern genus in the Dryopteridaceae (wood fern) family. Although the genus name itself it is now generally considered to be obsolete and a synonym for Tectaria Cav. (in the Tectariaceae family),[1] Aspidium's former species have been placed in several other families and genera.
The name aspidium is also used in referring to a medicine, usually in the form of an oleoresin extract, containing filicin, made from the rhizomes and stipes of certain former Aspidium species such as Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern), and Dryopteris marginalis (marginal fern). These medicines have been used in the treatment of tapeworm infection, but their use is limited to otherwise-untreatable cases due to the toxicity of the medication. Safer drugs such as dichlorophen, niclosamide, and quinacrine are preferred.
Species
Most Aspidium species have been recategorized into other genera, including:[1]
in family Aspleniaceae Newman 1840
- genus Asplenium L. 1753
- Aspidium rutaceum Willd. 1810 = Asplenium rutaceum (Willd.) Mett. 1859
in family Davalliaceae M.R. Schomb. ex A.B. Frank 1849:
- genus Nephrolepis (Sw.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium acuminatum Willd. 1810 =
Aspidium acutum Schkuhr 1809 =
Aspidium biserratum Sw. 1801 =
Aspidium ensifolium Schkuhr 1806 =
Aspidium guineense Schumach. 1829 =
Aspidium punctulatum Sw. 1806 = Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott 1834 - Aspidium cordifolium (L.) Sw. 1801 =
Aspidium tuberosum Bory ex Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C.Presl 1836 - Aspidium exaltatum (L.) Sw.1801 = Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium pectinatum Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis pectinata (Willd.) Schott 1834
- Aspidium pendulum Raddi 1819 = Nephrolepis pendula (Raddi) J.Sm. 1841
- Aspidium sesquipedale Willd. 1810 = Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett.ex Krug 1897
- Aspidium undulatum Afzel.ex Sw. 1801 = Nephrolepis undulata (Afzel.ex Sw.) J.Sm. 1846
- Aspidium acuminatum Willd. 1810 =
in family Dryopteridaceae
- genus Arachniodes Blume 1828
- Aspidium denticulatum (Sw.) Sw. 1801 =
Aspidium jucundum Fée 1865 = Arachniodes denticulata (Sw.) Ching 1962
- Aspidium denticulatum (Sw.) Sw. 1801 =
- genus Ctenitis
- Aspidium bourgaei E.Fourn. = Ctenitis equestris var. equestris
- Aspidium bullatum H.Christ = Ctenitis melanosticta (Kunze) Copel.
- Aspidium caripense (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Mett. = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium chiapasense Christ = Ctenitis chiapasensis (Christ) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium culcita H.Christ = Ctenitis sloanei (Poepp.ex Spreng.) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium effusum (Sw.) J.Bommer & H.Christ
- var. muticum H.Christ = Ctenitis excelsa (Desv.) Proctor
- Aspidium equestre Kunze = Ctenitis equestris (Kunze) Ching
- Aspidium karstenii A.Braun = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium lindenii Kuhn = Ctenitis salvinii (Baker) Stolze
- Aspidium melanostictum Kunze = Ctenitis melanosticta (Kunze) Copel.
- Aspidium microcarpon Fée = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium microchlaena Fée = Ctenitis microchlaena (Fée) Stolze
- Aspidium obtusilobum Fée = Ctenitis submarginalis (Langsd.& Fisch.) Ching
- Aspidium scabriusculum Davenp. = Ctenitis equestris var. equestris
- Aspidium strigilosum Davenp. = Ctenitis strigilosa (Davenp.) Copel.
- Aspidium tonduzii H.Christ = Ctenitis nigrovenia (Christ) Copel.
- genus Cyclodium C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium trianae Mett. = Cyclodium trianae (Mett.) A.R.Sm.
- genus Didymochlaena
- Aspidium truncatulum Sw. = Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm.
- genus Dryopteris
- Aspidium apertum Fée = Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw.
- Aspidium chrysocarpa Fée = Dryopteris pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothm.
- Aspidium crinitum M.Martens & Galeotti = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium karwinskyanum Mett. = Dryopteris karwinskyana (Mett.) Kuntze
- Aspidium paleaceum Lag.ex Sw. = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium parallelogrammum Kunze = Dryopteris wallichiana var. wallichiana
- Aspidium patulum Sw. = Dryopteris patula (Sw.) Underw.
- Aspidium pseudofilix-mas Fée = Dryopteris pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothm.
- Aspidium schimperianum Hochst. = Dryopteris schimperiana (Hochst.) C.Chr. 1837[2]
- Aspidium wallichianum Spreng. = Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl.
- genus Lastreopsis Ching 1938
- Aspidium chontalense E.Fourn. = Lastreopsis exculta ssp.exculta
- Aspidium excultum Mett. = Lastreopsis exculta (Mett.) Tindale
- genus Megalastrum Holttum 1986
- Aspidium erythrostemma H.Christ = Megalastrum pulverulentum (Poir.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran
- Aspidium lunense Christ = Megalastrum lunense (Christ) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran
- genus Phanerophlebia C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium juglandifolium (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) Kunze ex Klotzsch = Phanerophlebia juglandifolia (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) J.Sm.
- var. macrosorum Baker = Phanerophlebia macrosora (Baker) Underw.
- Aspidium nobile Schltdl.& Cham. = Phanerophlebia nobilis (Schltdl.& Cham.) C.Presl
- Aspidium pumilum M.Martens & Galeotti = Phanerophlebia pumila (M.Martens & Galeotti) Fée
- Aspidium juglandifolium (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) Kunze ex Klotzsch = Phanerophlebia juglandifolia (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) J.Sm.
- genus Polystichum
- Aspidium acanthophyllum Franch. 1885 = Polystichum acanthophyllum (Franch.) H. Christ 1905
- Aspidium hartwegii Klotzsch = Polystichum hartwegii (Klotzsch) Hieron.
- Aspidium moritzianum Klotzsch = Polystichum muricatum (L.) Fée
- Aspidium muenchii Christ = Polystichum muenchii (Christ) C.Chr.
- Aspidium orbiculatum Desv. = Polystichum orbiculatum (Desv.) J.Rémy & Fée
- Aspidium ordinatum Kunze = Polystichum ordinatum (Kunze) Liebm.
- Aspidium platyphyllum Willd. = Polystichum platyphyllum (Willd.) C.Presl
- Aspidium trejoi Christ = Polystichum hartwegii (Klotzsch) Hieron.
- genus Stigmatopteris
- Aspidium caudatum Sw.
- var. contractum H.Christ = Stigmatopteris contracta (H.Christ) C.Chr.
- Aspidium caudatum Sw.
- nothogenus × Pleuroderris Maxon 1934
- Aspidium tatei (Baker) Diels 1899 = × Pleuroderris michleriana (D.C. Eaton) Maxon 1934
in family Elaphoglossaceae
- genus Lastreopsis
in family Metaxyaceae Pic.Serm 1970
- genus Metaxya C.Presl 1836
- Aspidium rostratum Kunth 1816 = Metaxya rostrata (Kunth) C.Presl 1836
in family Oleandraceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. 1965
- genus Oleandra
- Aspidium articulatum Sw. = Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl
- Aspidium nodosum Willd. = Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl
in family Tectariaceae Panigrahi 1986
- genus Tectaria Cav. 1799
- Aspidium braunianum H.Karst. = Tectaria brauniana (H.Karst.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium costaricanum C.Chr. = Tectaria athyrioides (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium draconopterum D.C.Eaton = Tectaria draconoptera (D.C.Eaton) Copel.
- Aspidium endresii (Baker) C.Chr. = Tectaria nicaraguensis (E.Fourn.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium eurylobum H.Christ = Tectaria nicotianifolia (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium fimbriatum Willd. = Tectaria fimbriata (Willd.) Proctor & Lourteig
- Aspidium heracleifolium Willd. = Tectaria heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw.
- Aspidium latifolium C.Presl = Tectaria mexicana (Fée) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium macrophyllum Sw.
- var. biolleyanum H.Christ = Tectaria vivipara Jermy & T.G.Walker
- var. pittieri H.Christ = Tectaria incisa Cav.
- Aspidium martinicense Spreng. = Tectaria incisa Cav.
- Aspidium myriosorum H.Christ = Tectaria draconoptera (D.C.Eaton) Copel.
- Aspidium nicaraguense (E.Fourn.) Baker = Tectaria nicaraguensis (E.Fourn.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium nicotianifolium (Baker) Diels = Tectaria nicotianifolia (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium orosiensis (H.Christ) C.Chr. = Tectaria antioquoiana (Baker) C.Chr.
- Aspidium plantagineum (Jacq.) Griseb. = Tectaria plantaginea (Jacq.) Maxon
- Aspidium rivale Mett.ex Kuhn = Tectaria rivalis (Mett.ex Kuhn) C.Chr.
- Aspidium rufovillosum Rosenst. = Tectaria rufovillosa (Rosenst.) C.Chr.
- Aspidium subebeneum H.Christ = Tectaria subebenea (H.Christ) C.Chr.
- Aspidium trifoliatum (L.) Sw.
- ssp.heracleifolium (Willd.) Clute = Tectaria heracleifolia var. heracleifolia
- genus Triplophyllum Holttum 1986
- Aspidium funestum Kunze = Triplophyllum funestum (Kunze) Holttum 1986
in family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic. Serm. 1970
- genus Thelypteris|(Willd.) K. Iwats. 1963}}
- Aspidium abruptum Blume 1828 = Thelypteris grandis var. kunzeana (Hook.) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium albicaule Fée = Thelypteris albicaulis (Fée) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium augescens Link = Thelypteris augescens (Link) Munz & I.M.Johnst.
- Aspidium biolleyi Christ = Thelypteris biolleyi (Christ) Proctor
- Aspidium cheilanthoides Kunze = Thelypteris cheilanthoides (Kunze) Proctor
- Aspidium coarctatum Kunze =
Aspidium conterminum Willd. = Thelypteris opposita (Vahl) Ching - Aspidium cumingianum Kunze = Thelypteris cumingiana (Kunze) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium extensum Blume = Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg
- Aspidium francoanum E.Fourn. = Thelypteris francoana (E.Fourn.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium frigidum H.Christ = Thelypteris frigida (H.Christ) A.R.Sm.& Lellinger
- Aspidium funckii Mett. = Thelypteris funckii (Mett.) Alston
- Aspidium gleichenioides H.Christ = Thelypteris rudis (Kunze) Proctor
- Aspidium gongylodes Schkuhr =
Aspidium unitum (L.) Sw. =
Aspidium unitum var. hirsutum Mett. = Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K.Iwats. - Aspidium hispidulum Decne. = Thelypteris hispidula (Decne.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium leucophlebium H.Christ = Thelypteris urbanii (Sodiro) A.R.Sm.
- Aspidium levyi E.Fourn. = Thelypteris levyi (E.Fourn.) C.V.Morton
- Aspidium molle Sw. = Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John
- Aspidium navarrense H.Christ = Thelypteris oligocarpa (Humb.& Bonpl.ex Willd.) Ching
- Aspidium nephrodioides Klotzsch = Thelypteris nephrodioides (Klotzsch) Proctor
- Aspidium opulentum Kaulf. = Thelypteris opulenta (Kaulf.) Fosberg
- Aspidium pachyrhachis Kunze ex Mett. = Thelypteris pachyrhachis (Kunze ex Mett.) Ching
- Aspidium pellitum Willd. = Thelypteris pellita (Willd.) Proctor & Lourteig
- Aspidium pilosulum Klotzsch & H.Karst.ex Mett. = Thelypteris pilosula (Klotzsch & H.Karst.ex Mett.) R.M.Tryon
- Aspidium pusillum Mett. = Thelypteris pusilla (Mett.) Ching
- Aspidium scalare Christ = Thelypteris scalaris (Christ) Alston
- Aspidium simplicissimum H.Christ = Thelypteris concinna (Willd.) Ching
- Aspidium skinneri Hook. = Thelypteris skinneri (Hook.) C.F.Reed
- Aspidium sprengelii Kaulf. = Thelypteris balbisii (Spreng.) Ching
- Aspidium tablanum Christ = Thelypteris tablana (Christ) A.R.Sm.
not placed elsewhere
- Aspidium abbreviatum Poir. 1816
- Aspidium abbreviatum Schrad. 1824
- Aspidium abortivum Blume 1828
- Aspidium alfaroi H.Christ 1905
- Aspidium cicutarium (L.) Sw.
- Aspidium fraseri Mett.ex Kuhn
- Aspidium karstenianum (Klotzsch) H.Christ
- Aspidium nutans H.Christ
- Aspidium prominulum H.Christ
- Aspidium strigosum Willd.
- Aspidium strigosum H.Christ
- Aspidium subdecussatum H.Christ
- Aspidium tatei (Baker) Diels
References
- ^ a b Aspidium Sw. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 25 Jan 2012
- ^ A. schimperianum Herbarium, University of Michigan 15 Feb 2012