User:Masonthurmond/sandbox

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Test Silent Spring

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Eminent Domain

in what is called a voluntary easement[2]. Across the four states on the pipeline's route, 99% of privately-owned properties involved are considered voluntary easements as of August, 2016; properties in all states but Iowa have been retained as voluntary easements at rates of 100%[2].

Oil Leaks

"Conservation groups worry about safety, and the impacts on air, water, wildlife and farming, because, they say, "pipelines break".[27]" In the years 1996-2015, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) a reported a total of 11,199 pipeline incidents[3]. An incident is defined as:

"(1) An event that involves a release of gas from a pipeline, or of liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, refrigerant gas, or gas from an LNG facility, and that results in one or more of the following consequences: (i) A death, or personal injury necessitating in-patient hospitalization; (ii) Estimated property damage of $50,000 or more, including loss to the operator and others, or both, but excluding cost of gas lost; (iii) Unintentional estimated gas loss of three million cubic feet or more; (2) An event that results in an emergency shutdown of an LNG facility. Activation of an emergency shutdown system for reasons other than an actual emergency does not constitute an incident. (3) An event that is significant in the judgment of the operator, even though it did not meet the criteria of paragraphs (1) or (2) of this definition." [4].

This is an average of approximately 560 incidents per year in the last 20 years. These incidents contributed to a total of 360 fatalities and 1,376 injuries[3].

Tribal Opposition

The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe has stated their opposition to the Dakota Access Pipeline on the grounds that it threatens the tribe's "way of life, [their] water, people, and land"[5].

Dakota Access Pipeline Protests

Over 400 have been arrested in total as of October, [6]2016.[72]

As of November 14, 2016, the Army Corps of Engineers has stated that, "construction on or under Corps land bordering Lake Oahe cannot occur because the Army has not made a final decision on whether to grant an easement"[7].

b[8]

.. [9][10][11][12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

[19] [20] [21]

Notes

  1. ^ Doe, Jane (1975). Dogs are good. San Diego.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ a b "August 2016: Iowa Progress Report" (PDF). Energy Transfer. Dakota Access, LLC. August 9, 2016.
  3. ^ a b "Oracle Business Intelligence". hip.phmsa.dot.gov. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  4. ^ "Gas Distribution, Gas Gathering, Gas Transmission, and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Incidents" (PDF). Oracle BI Interactive Dashboards - SC Incident Trend. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. May 27, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  5. ^ Archambault II, Dave (August 15, 2016). "Call to Action of Indigenous People's". Standing Rock Sioux Tribe – via Stand with Standing Rock.
  6. ^ "Judge Rules That Construction Can Proceed On Dakota Access Pipeline". NPR.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  7. ^ "Statement Regarding the Dakota Access Pipeline". Headquarters U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2016-11-15.
  8. ^ "Dakota Access, LLC" (PDF). Energy Transfer. Energy Transfer Partners, L.P. August 9, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  9. ^ "Iowa bills place hurdles for Bakken pipeline, powerline". Des Moines Register. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  10. ^ Petroski, William (April 28, 2015). "Iowa bills place hurdles for Bakken pipeline, powerline" – via The Des Moines Register. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  11. ^ Aisch, Gregor; Lai, K. k Rebecca (2016-11-23). "The Conflicts Along 1,172 Miles of the Dakota Access Pipeline". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  12. ^ Service, Amy Dalrymple Forum News. "Pipeline route plan first called for crossing north of Bismarck". Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  13. ^ Moira, Kelley (December 4, 2016). "Army will not grant easement for Dakota Access Pipeline Crossing". U.S. Army. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
  14. ^ Dickert, Alyssa (December 1, 2016). "More than 92 percent of DAPL complete, last portion at Lake Oahe". KYFR TV – via FOX News.
  15. ^ "Developing: 100+ Militarized Police Raiding #NoDAPL Resistance Camp Blocking Pipeline's Path". Democracy Now!. October 27, 2016. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  16. ^ Smon Mui, Luke Tonachel, Bobby McEnaney, and Elizabeth Shope (2010). "GHG Emission Factors for High Carbon Intensity Crude Oils". National Resources Defense Council. Version 2: 13.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ "Energy Numbers (PDF)". School of Oceanography. University of Washington. Spring 2015. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  18. ^ "Pipeline Incident 20 Year Trends". PHSMA - Data & Statistics. U.S. Department of Transportation. 12-07-16. Retrieved 12-08-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  19. ^ Nicholas H. Johnson and Barry D. Solomon. "A Net-Present Value Analysis for a Wind Turbine Purchase at a Small US College". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  20. ^ "Levelized Cost of New Electricity Generating Technologies - IER". IER. 2009-05-12. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  21. ^ "MOROCCO: Unveiling of 3.5 billion dollar wind energy project". www.itnsource.com. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
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