Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W
ISO 3166 code	PE

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Introduction

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE. Notable pre-colonial cultures and civilizations include the Caral–Supe civilization (the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization), the Nazca culture, the Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru's population includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. (Full article...)

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Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

According to the Organic Law of Regional Governments, the regions (Spanish: regiones) are, with the departments, the first-level administrative subdivisions of Peru. Since its 1821 independence, Peru had been divided into departments (departamentos) but faced the problem of increasing centralization of political and economic power in its capital, Lima.

After several unsuccessful regionalization attempts, the national government decided to temporarily provide the departments (including the Constitutional Province of Callao) with regional governments until the conformation of regions according to the Organic Law of Regional Governments which says that two or more departments should merge to conform a region. This situation turned the departments into de facto regional government circumscriptions. The first regional governments were elected on November 20, 2002. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: And2000

The Palace of Justice (Spanish: Palacio de Justicia) is the seat of the Supreme Court of Peru. It is located in the Lima District of the city of Lima, capital of Peru. Construction started during the second government of Augusto B. Leguía (1919–1930) and finished under the presidency of Óscar R. Benavides, who inaugurated the building in 1938. The Palace was built in a neoclassical style as its plans were based on those of the Law Courts of Brussels, Belgium. However, it lacks the dome of its Belgian counterpart and it is much smaller. (more...)

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The Siege of Cuzco (May 6, 1536 – March 1537) was the ten month siege of the city of Cuzco by the army of Inca Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui against a garrison of Spanish conquistadors and Indian auxiliaries led by Hernando Pizarro.

An Spaniard expedition led by Francisco Pizarro had captured the Inca capital of Cuzco on November 15, 1533 after defeating an Inca army headed by general Quisquis. The following month, the conquistadors supported the coronation as Inca emperor of Manco Inca to facilitate their control over the empire. However, real power rested with the Spaniards who frequently humiliated Manco Inca and imprisoned him after an attempted escape in November 1535. After his release in January 1536, Manco Inca managed to leave Cuzco on April 18 promising the Spanish commander, Hernando Pizarro, to bring back a large gold statue when in fact he was already preparing a rebellion. (more...)

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In this month

June 7, 1880 - In the Battle of Arica the city Arica and the whole Tarapacá Region were lost to Chile after the defeat of the Peruvian Army led by Col. Francisco Bolognesi.

June 14, 1894 - The journalist and political philosopher José Carlos Mariátegui La Chira was born in Moquegua.

June 28, 2006 - The United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio Perú – Estados Unidos) a bilateral free trade agreement was ratified by the Peruvian Congress.

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General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 2The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 3Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 4Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 5Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 6Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 7Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 8Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 9Ages pyramid of Peru in 2007 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 10Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 11Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 12Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 13Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 14Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 15Peruvian school children with an OLPC XO-1 laptop (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 16Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 17Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 18Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 19The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 20Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 21The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 22Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
  Peru-Bolivia
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army
  First Provisional Government of Peru
  Northern Peruvian Republic
  Second Provisional Government of Peru
  Provisional Government of Bolivia
  New Peruvian State
  New Bolivian State
  Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
  De facto borders after the dissolution
  Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
  Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 23Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 24Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 25Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 26Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 27Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 28Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 29Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 30Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 31Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)

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Fujimori in 1991

Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto (Spanish: [alˈβeɾto fuxiˈmoɾi, – fuʝiˈmoɾi]; born Alberto Fujimori Fujimori; 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian former politician, professor and engineer who served as President of Peru from 1990 until his downfall in 2000, though de facto leadership was reportedly held by Vladimiro Montesinos, the then head of the National Intelligence Service. Frequently described as a dictator, he remains a controversial figure in Peruvian politics. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison for human rights abuses during his presidency but was released after 16 years on 6 December 2023 following an order by the Constitutional Court of Peru.

A Peruvian of Japanese descent, Fujimori studied to be an agricultural engineer, and later obtained a master's degree in mathematics. From 1984 to 1989 he served as rector of the National Agrarian University before winning the presidency in the 1990 Peruvian general election. (Full article...)

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... that Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza was Abimael Guzmán's prosecutor before being elected the first Peruvian judge of the International Criminal Court?
... that Marcelino Gutiérrez was the only one of his brothers, who together led a rebellion against the president of Peru, to survive a subsequent riot?
...that the Locumba uprising was thought by many to be a cover for the escape of Vladimiro Montesinos, Peru's de facto leader from 1990 to 2000?
... that the white-tailed jay found in Ecuador and Peru was once thought to have been brought to Mexico by pre-Columbian trade?
... that some prisoners in Peru get tattoos of Sarita Colonia for alleged protection?
... that the Shining Path used squatting as a tactic to gain support during the internal conflict in Peru?
... that sisters Talia and Tori DellaPeruta, college teammates at North Carolina, play soccer professionally for Sampdoria?
... that Peruvian Viagra grows on the roots of plants?

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“

I would not change my native land, for rich Peru with all her gold.

”

English Nonconformist Isaac Watts 1674–1748

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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More did you know...

...that during the War of the Pacific, General Andrés Avelino Cáceres (pictured) waged a two-year guerrilla campaign against Chilean occupation?
...that under the 2002 Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act the US eliminated tariffs on 6,300 products from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru?
...that there is evidence of Peruvian involvement in the abduction of a group of Montoneros in Lima as part of Operation Condor?
...that the town of Ollantaytambo, which dates back to the Inca Empire, has some of the oldest continuously occupied dwellings in South America?
...that water resources management in Peru has shifted from investing in irrigation development to a focus on river basin management?

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This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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WikiProject Peru

South America	Latin America	Countries

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