Abbé
Abbé (from Latin abbas, in turn from Greek ἀββᾶς, abbas, from Aramaic abba, a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of abh, "father")[1] is the French word for an abbot. It is also the title used for lower-ranking Catholic clergy in France who are not members of religious orders.[2]
History
A concordat between Pope Leo X and King Francis I of France (1516)[3] gave the kings of France the right to nominate 255 commendatory abbots (abbés commendataires) for almost all French abbeys, who received income from a monastery without needing to render service, creating, in essence, a sinecure.[4]
From the mid-16th century, the title of abbé has been used in France for all young clergy, with or without consecration.[2] Their clothes consisted of black or dark violet robes with a small collar, and they were tonsured.[4]
Since such abbés only rarely commanded an abbey, they often worked in upper-class families as tutors, spiritual directors, etc.;[2] some (such as Gabriel Bonnot de Mably) became writers.[4]
Clerical oblates and seminarians of the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest also have the honorific title of abbé.
See also
- Abbot#Modern abbots not as superior
- Abbé Pierre
- Abbé Faria
- Abbé Sieyès
- Abbé Franz Liszt
- Abbé Edgeworth de Firmont
Notes
- ^ Harper, Douglas. "abbot". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ^ a b c A'Becket 1913.
- ^ A'Becket 1913 cites Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. III under Kinds of Abbot
- ^ a b c Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). Encyclopedia Americana. .
References
- A'Becket, John J (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
External links
- The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907. .
- Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921. .
- Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Use dmy dates from December 2014
- Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
- Articles containing French-language text
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Nuttall Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia
- Abbés