Xanthine dehydrogenase

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XDH
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesXDH, XO, XOR, xanthine dehydrogenase, XAN1
External IDsOMIM: 607633 MGI: 98973 HomoloGene: 324 GeneCards: XDH
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000379

NM_011723

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000370

NP_035853

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 31.33 – 31.41 MbChr 17: 74.19 – 74.26 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
xanthine dehydrogenase
Bos taurus
Identifiers
EC no.1.17.1.4
CAS no.9054-84-6
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins

Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.[5][6]

Function

Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.[5]

Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the following chemical reaction:

xanthine + NAD+ + H2O urate + NADH + H+

The three substrates of this enzyme are xanthine, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are urate, NADH, and H+.

This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific, those acting on CH or CH2 groups with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NAD+-xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine-NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine oxidoreductase.

Clinical significance

Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism.[5] It has been shown that patients with lung adenocarcinoma tumors which have high levels of XDH gene expression have lower survivals.[7][8] Addiction to XDH protein has been used to target NSCLC tumors and cell lines in a precision oncology manner.[8]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158125 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024066 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: XDH xanthine dehydrogenase". Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  6. ^ Ichida K, Amaya Y, Noda K, Minoshima S, Hosoya T, Sakai O, Shimizu N, Nishino T (November 1993). "Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase (oxidase): structural analysis of the protein and chromosomal location of the gene". Gene. 133 (2): 279–84. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90652-J. PMID 8224915.
  7. ^ Konno H, Minamiya Y, Saito H, Imai K, Kawaharada Y, Motoyama S, Ogawa J (October 2012). "Acquired xanthine dehydrogenase expression shortens survival in patients with resected adenocarcinoma of lung". Tumour Biology. 33 (5): 1727–32. doi:10.1007/s13277-012-0431-2. PMID 22678977. S2CID 13495397.
  8. ^ a b Tavassoly I, Hu Y, Zhao S, Mariottini C, Boran A, Chen Y, Li L, Tolentino RE, Jayaraman G, Goldfarb J, Gallo J, Iyengar R (May 2019). "Genomic signatures defining responsiveness to allopurinol and combination therapy for lung cancer identified by systems therapeutics analyses". Molecular Oncology. 13 (8): 1725–1743. doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12521. PMC 6670022. PMID 31116490.

Further reading

External links

  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P47989 (Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase) at the PDBe-KB.