Video:Yersiniosis
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Description
Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Yersinia. Infection with Y. enterocolitica occurs most often in young children.[1][2][3]The infection is thought to be contracted through the consumption of undercooked meat products, unpasteurized milk, or water contaminated by the bacteria. It has been also sometimes associated with handling raw chitterlings.[4][5] Another bacterium of the same genus, Yersinia pestis, is the cause of Plague.[6]As to management we find that the drugs of choice are aminoglycosides or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole[3]
Presentation
Infection with Y. enterocolitica can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the age of the person infected. Common symptoms in children are fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which is often bloody. Symptoms typically develop 4 to 7 days after exposure and may last 1 to 3 weeks or longer.[7]
Complications
In terms of the complications of Yersiniosis we find the following: paralytic ileus, Cholangitis, septicemia, Toxic megacolon, hepatic abscess, splenic abscess and renal abscess.[3]
Cause
The etiology of Yersiniosis is Yersinia enterocolitica, humans are hosts who do not contribute to the pathogens life cycle [3]
Risk factors
As to the risk factors that may increase the possibility of an individual acquiring Yersiniosis is as follows: poor hygiene, hemochromatosis and contaminated food.[8][9]
Mechanism
In terms of the mechanism of Yersiniosis we find that it involves the invasion of epithelial cells,as well as the colonization of lymphoid tissue, and spread to other organs. Among the pathogenic properties of Yersinia are chromosomally mediated effects and plasmid-mediated mechanisms.[3][10]
Diagnosis
As to the diagnosis of Yersiniosis we find that the isolation of the organism can be done from:blood, cerebrospinal fluid, mesenteric lymph nodes ,peritoneal fluid and throat swab.[11]
Differential diagnosis
As to the differential diagnosis of Yersiniosis we find that the following should be considered: diverticulitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, and ischemic colitis.[3]
Treatment
Treatment for gastroenteritis due to Y. enterocolitica is not needed in the majority of cases. Severe infections with systemic involvement (sepsis or bacteremia) often requires aggressive antibiotic therapy; the drugs of choice are aminoglycosides or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Alternatives include cefotaxime, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole.[3][12][13]
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Epidemiology 1
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that infections with Yersinia enterocolitica cause almost 117 thousand illnesses, 640 hospitalizations, and 35 deaths in the United States every year.[14]
Epidemiology 2
In 2011, there were more than 7 thousand diagnosed cases of Yersiniosis in the European Union.[15] This was a 3 (point) 5 percent increase compared to the prior year.[15]In 2011, there were 257 diagnosed cases of yersiniosis in Poland.[15]In 2012 in Poland, there was a drop to 231 reported yersiniosis cases.[15] Children are infected more often than adults, and the infection is more common in the winter.[14]
History
As to history the first case of Yersinia enterocolitica was initially described in Netherlands in the year 1975; many additional cases have been reported worldwide. Y. enterocolitica was first described in 1934 as the cause of an individuals facial abscess.[16][17]
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References
- ↑ "About Yersinia Infection". Yersinia Infection (Yersiniosis). 4 November 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
- ↑ Bancerz-Kisiel, Agata; Szweda, Wojciech (4 September 2015). "Yersiniosis – zoonotic foodborne disease of relevance to public health". Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 22 (3): 397–402. doi:10.5604/12321966.1167700. ISSN 1232-1966.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Aziz, Muhammad; Yelamanchili, Varun S. (2025). "Yersinia Enterocolitica". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ Jones TF (August 2003). "From pig to pacifier: chitterling-associated yersiniosis outbreak among black infants". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (8): 1007–9. doi:10.3201/eid0908.030103. PMC 3020614. PMID 12967503.
- ↑ Lee, LA.; Gerber, AR.; Lonsway, DR.; Smith, JD.; Carter, GP.; Puhr, ND.; Parrish, CM.; Sikes, RK.; Finton, RJ.; Tauxe, RV. (1990). " Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 infections in infants and children, associated with the household preparation of chitterlings". New England Journal of Medicine. 322 (14): 984–987. doi:10.1056/NEJM199004053221407. PMID 2314448.
- ↑ Ryan, KJ; Ray, CG, eds. (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 484–88. ISBN 978-0-8385-8529-0.
- ↑ "Yersiniosis". Medical Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ↑ "About Yersinia Infection". Yersinia Infection (Yersiniosis). 4 November 2024. Archived from the original on 10 February 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2025.
- ↑ "Clinical Overview of Yersiniosis". Yersinia Infection (Yersiniosis). 16 May 2024.
- ↑ Fang, Xue; Kang, Le; Qiu, Yi-Fan; Li, Zhao-Shen; Bai, Yu (8 March 2023). "Yersinia enterocolitica in Crohn's disease". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 13. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1129996. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ "Clinical Overview of Yersiniosis". Yersinia Infection (Yersiniosis). 16 May 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
- ↑ Torok E. Oxford MHandbook of Infect Dis and Microbiol, 2009
- ↑ Collins FM (1996). Baron S; et al. (eds.). Pasteurella, and Francisella. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1. (via NCBI Bookshelf).
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1 August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Bancerz-Kisiel, Agata; Szweda, Wojciech (4 September 2015). "Yersiniosis – zoonotic foodborne disease of relevance to public health". Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 22 (3): 397–402. doi:10.5604/12321966.1167700. PMID 26403101.
- ↑ Bottone, E. J. (April 1997). "Yersinia enterocolitica: the charisma continues". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 10 (2): 257–276. doi:10.1128/CMR.10.2.257. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 172919. PMID 9105754.
- ↑ Sabina, Yeasmin; Rahman, Atiqur; Ray, Ramesh Chandra; Montet, Didier (2011). "Yersinia enterocolitica : Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection". Journal of Pathogens. 2011: 1–10. doi:10.4061/2011/429069. PMC 3335483. PMID 22567333.