Video:Mpox
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Description
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is an infectious viral disease that can occur in both humans and some other animals.[1][2]
Symptoms2
It typically presents with one or many blisters associated with fever, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, or swollen glands.[1]
Symptoms2
The time from exposure to onset of symptoms is typically a few days, though may range from 1 to 21 days.[1]
Symptoms3
Over a duration of 2 to 4 weeks the bumps tend to progress from small bumps to itchy painful pus filled blisters.[1] These may have a dip in the centre.[1] They then become sores that crust and scab.[1]
Symptoms4
These sores are generally seen on the palms of hands and soles of feet,[1]
Symptoms5
the throat,[1]
Symptoms6
the genitals,[1]
Symptoms7
and the face, though may occur anywhere.[1]
Symptoms8
Other symptoms may include a headache, backache, and pain in the rectum or on passing urine.[1]
Complications
Complications include bacterial skin infection, brain, heart, or prostate inflammation, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, visual loss, and death.[1]
Cause
Mpox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family as smallpox.[1] Its natural reservoir is not known.[1][2]
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Infectiousness1
The virus spreads from one person to another by direct contact with affected skin or sores in the mouth or genitals.[1]
Infectiousness2
This includes face-to-face contact, touching or genital sex, kissing, oral sex, or respiratory droplets.[1]
Infectiousness3
Infected animals can pass empox to humans via bites or scratches, or during hunting, skinning, trapping, cooking, or eating animals.[1]
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Infectiousness4
Contaminated clothing, sharps injuries and tattoo procedures may increase the risk.[1] It is contagious until all the sores have healed.[1]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by its appearance and taking a swab of the sores, mouth, rectum or anus.[1]
Differential1
The disease should be distinguished from other infectious diseases such as measles,[1]
Differential2
bacterial skin infections,[1]
Differential3
Differential4
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Differential5
Differential6
and non-infectious conditions such as a drug reaction.[1]
Differential7
Mpox may look like chicken pox or occur with chicken pox at the same time.[1]
Prevention1
Prevention is with hygiene measures such as hand washing and staying away from affected people.[1]
Prevention2
If exposed to the virus, a vaccine is available in some parts of the world, and is recommended within 4 days of contact with someone who has mpox.[1] The antiviral tecovirimat has been used to treat mpox.[1]
Epidemiology1
It has been endemic in parts of Central and West Africa.[2]
Epidemiology2
The twenty twenty two to twenty twenty three outbreak marked the first time empox had spread widely outside Central and West Africa.[3]
Epidemiology3
Then the virus mostly spread through sexual contact.[4]
Epidemiology4
In August 2024, for the second time, the World Health Organization declared mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.[4]
History
The Monkeypox virus was discovered in 1958 in colonies of monkeys kept for research.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 "Mpox (monkeypox)". www.who.int. World health Organization. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Monkeypox in the U.S." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. 22 July 2022. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
- ↑ Sample, Ian (2 November 2023). "Mpox circulated for five years before global explosion in 2022, research finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Mpox". www.who.int. World Health Organization. Retrieved 18 August 2024.