Video:Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

From WikiProjectMed
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (Tutorial)
Commons / NC
Steps for video creation
Step 1Preview my changes (10 sec)
Step 2Upload to Commons (10 min)

Edit with VisualEditor

Description

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) is a evolving global pathogen. Unlike classical Klebsiella pneumoniae , hvKp is much more virulent and has the ability to cause severe infections in healthy as well as immunocompromised individuals.[1][2]As for treatments ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam have been used. [3]

Presentation

In terms of the presentation of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae we find the following: fevers, chills, abdominal pain and nausea.[4]

Complications

As to complications an individual with hvKp could have, we find the following:central nervous system infection and endophthalmitis.[1]

Transmission

We find that hvKp is basically transmitted via person to person contact, though it can also occur via contact with contaminated water, or equipment such as ventilators and/or intravenous catheters[5]

Mechanism 1

In terms of the mechanism of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae we find that the reason it is a more virulent form of the classical K. pneumoniae is primarily because of genetic factors present on a large virulence plasmid.[1][6][7][8]

Mechanism 2

These factors in the pathophysiology of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae include:increased capsule production- which increases bacterium’s potential to elude the host’s immune system, siderophore production-which help the bacteria get iron, which is important for growth, as well as infection potential and hypermucoviscosity which is associated with an ability to cause severe infection.[1][6][7][8]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae involves several methods: including clinical presentation and biomarker.[9][10]

Differential diagnosis

The differential diagnosis in an affected individual essentially consists of classical K. pneumoniae.[1]

Treatment

Although the medical literature is limited as to treatment for Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ceftazidime/avibactam and meropenem/vaborbactam have been used. [11]

Epidemiology 1

As to the epidemiology of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae we find that it has been reported in 6 WHO regions, with most prevalence in Asia( Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and China). [2]In terms of demographic variations we find that in Asia, hvKp tends to affect young, previously healthy individuals more often. Though it affects immunocompromised individuals as well[12]

Global distribution of hvKp
Global distribution of hvKp

Epidemiology 2

In terms of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP), we find that while the global spread of hvKp has been identified in multiple countries, the specific sequence type ST23, which has carbapenemase genes, has been reported in countries like: Argentina, Australia,U.K., Canada, India and Thailand.[13][14]

History

As to the hypervirulent strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae it was first reported in 1986 by Liu. The strain was known, at the time,for having caused severe infections like pneumonia, liver abscess, and meningitis[15]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Russo, Thomas A.; Marr, Candace M. (19 June 2019). "Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 32 (3). doi:10.1128/CMR.00001-19. ISSN 0893-8512. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Antimicrobial Resistance, Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae - Global situation". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 8 September 2024. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  3. ↑ Kumar, Sunil; Anwer, Razique; Yadav, Mukesh; Vats, Gourav; Thakur, Shivali; Sehrawat, Nirmala; Kumar, Vikas; Singh, Manoj (1 December 2022). "An Update on Advancements in Treatment Options for Managing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections". Current Pharmacology Reports. 8 (6): 439–449. doi:10.1007/s40495-022-00302-y. ISSN 2198-641X.
  4. ↑ Choby, J. E.; Howard-Anderson, J.; Weiss, D. S. (March 2020). "Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae – clinical and molecular perspectives". Journal of internal medicine. 287 (3): 283–300. doi:10.1111/joim.13007. ISSN 0954-6820.
  5. ↑ "About Klebsiella". Klebsiella. 16 May 2024. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zhu, Jie; Wang, Tao; Chen, Liang; Du, Hong (8 April 2021). "Virulence Factors in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.642484. ISSN 1664-302X. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Marr, Candace M; Russo, Thomas A (February 2019). "Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae : a new public health threat". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 17 (2): 71–73. doi:10.1080/14787210.2019.1555470. ISSN 1478-7210. Archived from the original on 2024-09-05. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Patel, Payal K.; Russo, Thomas A.; Karchmer, Adolf W. (1 March 2014). "Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae". Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 1 (1). doi:10.1093/ofid/ofu028. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  9. ↑ Harada, Sohei; Doi, Yohei (September 2018). "Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: a Call for Consensus Definition and International Collaboration". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 56 (9). doi:10.1128/JCM.00959-18. ISSN 0095-1137.
  10. ↑ Liao, Wenjian; Long, Dan; Huang, Qisen; Wei, Dandan; Liu, Xiaobing; Wan, Lagen; Feng, Yuling; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Yang (4 June 2020). "Rapid Detection to Differentiate Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) From Classical K. pneumoniae by Identifying peg-344 With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplication (LAMP)". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01189. ISSN 1664-302X. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  11. ↑ Kumar, Sunil; Anwer, Razique; Yadav, Mukesh; Vats, Gourav; Thakur, Shivali; Sehrawat, Nirmala; Kumar, Vikas; Singh, Manoj (1 December 2022). "An Update on Advancements in Treatment Options for Managing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections". Current Pharmacology Reports. 8 (6): 439–449. doi:10.1007/s40495-022-00302-y. ISSN 2198-641X.
  12. ↑ Lee, Chang-Ro; Lee, Jung Hun; Park, Kwang Seung; Jeon, Jeong Ho; Kim, Young Bae; Cha, Chang-Jun; Jeong, Byeong Chul; Lee, Sang Hee (21 November 2017). "Antimicrobial Resistance of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: Epidemiology, Hypervirulence-Associated Determinants, and Resistance Mechanisms". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 7. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00483. ISSN 2235-2988. Archived from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  13. ↑ Anderer, Samantha (30 August 2024). "WHO Warns of Carbapenem-Resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia". JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.15884. ISSN 0098-7484. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
  14. ↑ Lan, Peng; Jiang, Yan; Zhou, Jiancang; Yu, Yunsong (1 June 2021). "A global perspective on the convergence of hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae". Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 25: 26–34. doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.020. ISSN 2213-7165.
  15. ↑ Chang, De; Sharma, Lokesh; Dela Cruz, Charles S.; Zhang, Dong (22 December 2021). "Clinical Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Control Strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.750662. ISSN 1664-302X. Archived from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Video:Hypervirulent_Klebsiella_pneumoniae&oldid=1432430"