Video:Fasciolopsiasis
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Description
Fasciolopsiasis results from an infection by the trematode Fasciolopsis buski,[1] the largest intestinal fluke of humans up to 7 (point) 5 centimeter in length.Most infections are light and asymptomatic.Fasciolopsiasis can be treated with medications such as praziquantel, levamisole, mebendazole, and thiabendazole.[2]Fasciolopsiasis is most often seen in south and southeastern Asia.[3]
Presentation
Most infections are light, almost asymptomatic. In heavy infections, symptoms can include abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, ascites, toxemia, allergic responses, sensitization caused by the absorption of the worms' allergenic metabolites can lead to complications.[4]
Complications
As to the complications of Fasciolopsiasis we find the following: intestinal obstruction,malabsorption, anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency.[5]
Cause
Fasciolopsiasis is caused by the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski.[6]
Mechanism
In terms of the life cycle we find that the eggs, originally from excreted stool,hatch in water, releasing miracidia, which invade a snail intermediate host.The parasites undergo several developmental stages in the snail.The cercariae are released from the snail and encyst on aquatic plants.Mammalian hosts(humans), become infected by ingesting these metacercariae on aquatic plants.After ingestion, the metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and attach to the intestinal wall.[7]
Diagnosis
Microscopic identification of eggs, or more rarely of the adult flukes, in the stool or vomitus is the basis of specific diagnosis. [7][8]
Differential diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of Fasciolopsiasis in an affected individual is as follows:chronic gastritis, Ascariasis, Eosinophilia, Giardiasis ,inflammatory bowel disease and hookwork infection.[9]
Prevention
Infection can be prevented by immersing vegetables in boiling water for a few seconds to kill the infective metacercariae, avoiding the use of untreated feces as a fertilizer, and maintenance of proper sanitation and good hygiene. Additionally, snail control should be attempted.[6]
Treatment
Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treatment. Treatment is effective in early or light infections. Heavy infections are more difficult to treat [10].Studies of the effectiveness of various drugs for treatment of children with F. buski have shown tetrachloroethylene as capable of reducing faecal egg counts by up to 99 percent. [10]
Epidemiology 1
F. buski is endemic in Asia including China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. It has an up to 60 percent prevalence in worst-affected communities in southern and eastern India and mainland China and has an estimated 10 million human infections. Infections occur most often in school-aged children or in impoverished areas with a lack of proper sanitation systems.[11]
Epidemiology 2
A study from 1950s found that F. buski was endemic in central Thailand, affecting almost 3 thousand people due to infected aquatic plants called water caltrops and the snail hosts which were associated with them. The infection, or the eggs which hatch in the aquatic environment, were correlated with the water pollution in different districts of Thailand such as Ayuthaya Province. The high incidence of infection was prevalent in females and children ages 10 to 14 years of age.[12]
History
In terms of history we find that Fasciolopsiasis is caused by the giant intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis buski, which was first described by English surgeon George Busk in 1843[13]
References
- ↑ Lankester, E.; Küchenmeister, F. (1857). "Appendix B: On the occurrence of species of Distoma in the human body". On animal and vegetable parasites of the human body: a manual of their natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. Vol. 1. Sydenham society. pp. 433–7.
Odhner TH (1902). "Fasciolopsis Buski (Lank.)[= Distomum crassum Cobb.], ein bisher wenig bekannter Parasit des Menschen in Ostasien". Centr. Bakt. U. Par. XXXI. - ↑ Siles-Lucas, Mar; Becerro-Recio, David; Serrat, Judit; González-Miguel, Javier (1 January 2021). "Fascioliasis and fasciolopsiasis: Current knowledge and future trends". Research in Veterinary Science. 134: 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.011. ISSN 0034-5288. PMID 33278757. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
- ↑ Gorriceta, June Hayrelle; Lopez Otbo, Amy; Uehara, Genta; Posadas Salas, Maria Aurora (18 December 2023). "BK viral infection: A review of management and treatment". World Journal of Transplantation. 13 (6): 309–320. doi:10.5500/wjt.v13.i6.309. ISSN 2220-3230. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ Bhattacharjee HK, Yadav D, Bagga D (2001). "Fasciolopsiasis presenting as intestinal perforation: a case report". Trop Gastroenterol. 30 (1): 40–1. PMID 19624087.
- ↑ "Fasciolopsiasis - Infectious Diseases". Merck Manual Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2025.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "About Fasciolopsis". Fasciolopsis. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 February 2025. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "CDC - DPDx - Fasciolopsiasis". www.cdc.gov. 5 June 2024. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2025.
- ↑ "Fasciolopsiasis - Infectious Diseases". MSD Manual Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
- ↑ "Intestinal Flukes Differential Diagnoses". emedicine.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 24 November 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Rabbani, G.H.; Gilman, R.H.; Kabir, I.; Mondel, Gabriel (1 January 1985). "The treatment of Fasciolopsis buski infection in children: a comparison of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, pyrantel pamoate, hexylresorcinol and tetrachloroethylene☆". Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 79 (4): 513–515. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90081-1. ISSN 0035-9203. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
- ↑ Keiser J, Utzinger J (2009). "Food-borne trematodiases". Clin Microbiol Rev. 22 (3): 466–83. doi:10.1128/CMR.00012-09. PMC 2708390. PMID 19597009.
- ↑ Sadun EH, Maiphoom C (1953). "Studies on the epidemiology of the human intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis Buski in Central Thailand". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2 (6): 1070–84. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1953.2.1070. PMID 13104816.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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