Video:Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

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Definition

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli are a pathotype of Escherichia coli which cause acute and chronic diarrhea in both the developed and developing world.[1][2]Awareness of EAEC was increased by a serious outbreak in Germany during 2011, causing over 5000 cases and at least 50 fatalities.[3][4] The putative cause of the outbreak were sprouted fenugreek seeds.[5]

Signs and symptoms

Enteroaggregative Escheichia coli is a type of strain from E.coli, which causes intestinal infections. Some intestinal infections include diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. More severe cases can lead to bloody diarrhea, dehydration or even kidney failure.[2]

Pathophysiology

EAEC is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and primarily contaminated by food and water.[6] Because many strains of EAEC have been identified, it is difficult to identify the mechanism of its pathogenesis. Most candidate virulence genes are not always connected with disease.[7]

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of this infection is done via an adherence assay, and the polymerase chain reaction technique where genes of EAEC are amplified.[8]

Treatment 1

Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is used to destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganisms,[9] studies have suggested that fluoroquinolones, especially ciprofloxacin, may be the most effective antibiotic when treating Enteroaggregative E.coli infections[10]

Treatment 2

For most people treatments include, rest and the intake of fluids. Individuals with profuse diarrhea or vomit, should be rehydrated by drinking much water or by drinking rehydration solutions such as Rehydralyte or Pedialyte.[11]

History

In 1885, the German-Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich discovered this organism, E. Coli, in the feces of healthy individuals. He called it Bacterium coli commune because it is found in the colon. Early classifications of prokaryotes placed these in a handful of genera based on their shape and motility.[12][13][14]Enteroaggregative Escheichia coli (EAEC) was first found in 1987, in a child in Lima, Peru.[15]

References

  1. ↑ Nataro, J. P.; Mai, V.; Johnson, J.; Blackwelder, W. C.; Heimer, R.; Tirrell, S.; Edberg, S. C.; Braden, C. R.; Morris, J. G. (2006-08-15). "Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Infection in Baltimore, Maryland, and New Haven, Connecticut". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 43 (4): 402–407. doi:10.1086/505867. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 16838226. Archived from the original on 2017-02-08. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jensen, Betina Hebbelstrup; Olsen, Katharina E. P.; Struve, Carsten; Krogfelt, Karen Angeliki; Petersen, Andreas Munk (2014). "Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27 (3): 614–630. doi:10.1128/CMR.00112-13. ISSN 0893-8512. PMC 4135892. PMID 24982324.
  3. ↑ Kalita, Anjana; Hu, Jia; Torres, Alfredo G. (2014). "Recent advances in adherence and invasion of pathogenic Escherichia coli". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 27 (5): 459–464. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000092. ISSN 0951-7375. PMC 4169667. PMID 25023740.
  4. ↑ Nadia Boisen; Angela R. Melton-Celsa; Flemming Scheutz; Alison D. O'Brien; James P. Nataro (2015). "Shiga toxin 2a and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli—a deadly combination". Gut Microbes. 6 (4): 272–278. doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1054591. PMC 4615819. PMID 26039753.
  5. ↑ "Outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 Infections Associated with Sprout Consumption — Europe and North America, May–July 2011". www.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
  6. ↑ Nataro, James P.; Steiner, Theodore (2002), "Enteroaggregative and Diffusely Adherent Escherichia Coli", Escherichia Coli, Elsevier, pp. 189–207, doi:10.1016/b978-012220751-8/50007-0, ISBN 9780122207518
  7. ↑ Jenkins C (2018). "Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli". Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 416: 27–50. doi:10.1007/82_2018_105. ISBN 978-3-319-99663-9. PMID 30232602.
  8. ↑ "Diagnostic Methods for the Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Infection". American Society of Microbiology. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  9. ↑ "What Are Antibiotics?". WebMD. Archived from the original on 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  10. ↑ Bobat, Raziya (27 February 2020). HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents. Springer Nature. p. 81. ISBN 978-3-030-35433-6. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  11. ↑ "E. coli – treatments and diagnosis". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 2019-11-12. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  12. ↑ Farrar J, Hotez P, Junghanss T, Kang G, Lalloo D, White NJ, eds. (2013). Manson's Tropical Diseases (23rd ed.). Oxford: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-0702053061.
  13. ↑ Haeckel E (1867). Generelle Morphologie der Organismen. Reimer, Berlin. ISBN 978-1-144-00186-3.
  14. ↑ Escherich T (1885). "Die Darmbakterien des Neugeborenen und Säuglinge". Fortschr. Med. 3: 515–22. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  15. ↑ Nataro, James P.; Kaper, James B.; Robins-Browne, Roy; Prado, Valeria; Vial, Pablo; Levine, Myron M. (September 1987). "Patterns of adherence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to HEp-2 cells". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 6 (9): 829–831. ISSN 0891-3668. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
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