Jump to content

Video:Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae

From WikiProjectMed
Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (Tutorial)
Commons / NC
Steps for video creation
Step 1Preview my changes (10 sec)
Step 2Upload to Commons (10 min)

Edit with VisualEditor

Description

Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae or CR-hvKP is a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacterium combines two traits: hypervirulence and resistance to carbapenem antibiotics.Carbapenems are many times used as a last resort for treating infections of a bacterial nature.[1]Ceftazidime/avibactam has demonstrated some effectiveness against CR-hvKP.[2] In China sequence type 11 (ST11) dominates the majority of CRhvKP strains.[3]

Presentation

In terms of the presentation of Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae we find:fever, chills, vomiting, abdominal pain and nausea.[4]

Complications

As to the complications possibly exhibited by an infected individual we find:pyogenic liver abscess, endophthalmitis and meningitis.[3]

Mechanism

As to the mechanism, one finds that carbapenem antibiotic treatment becomes ineffective because CR-hvKP strains produce enzymes such as New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase that break down carbapenem antibiotics.[5][6]Overexpression of efflux pumps helps the bacteria expel antibiotics, thereby reducing their effectiveness.[6]

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae involves the following: the symptoms exhibited by the person and PCR (lab identification).[7][8]

Differential diagnosis

Other conditions that may appear similar include the following:classic Klebsiella pneumoniae and other K. pneumoniae strains.[8]

Treatment

In terms of management we find that while a review article by Lei, et al indicates "currently, there are no effective methods for treating and surveillance of this pathogen": we also find that a 2022 article per Tang, et al indicates ceftazidime/avibactam combination has shown some effectiveness against CR-hvKP in a hospitalized individual.[9][2]

Epidemiology 1

The World Health Organization for its part has indicated that, "countries should strengthen clinical and public health awareness for the detection of carbapenem resistance (CR)-hvKp".[1] (CR)-hvKp has been identified in all six WHO regions; Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, European and Western Pacific region.[1]Strain ST23-K1 was detected and reported to WHO by Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, Iran, Japan, Oman, Philippines, Switzerland, Thailand and United Kingdom.[1] A separate report indicates Chile as well.[10]

Epidemiology 2

In terms of prevalence in healthcare settings we find that CR-hvKP is becoming a dominant nosocomial pathogen. Studies have indicated that certain sequence types( ST11) are highly prevalent among CR-hvKP isolates.[11]

History

Carl Friedlander first described Klebsiella pneumoniae from the lungs of people who had died from pneumonia in 1882. The bacterium was originally called Friedlander's bacillus, but was later renamed Klebsiella. [12]The first carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were identified in 1996. This development of CRKP strains is due to the frequent use of antimicrobials.[13]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Antimicrobial Resistance, Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae - Global situation". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tang, Na; Hu, Jinshu; Zhao, Yingying; Song, Yuqin; Wang, Chao; Zhang, Gang; Wei, Dawei; Fang, Hailing; Li, Chao; Jia, Rufu; Feng, Jie (2 February 2022). "In vivo evolution of carbapenem resistance in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient undergoing long-term treatment". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 77 (2): 531–533. doi:10.1093/jac/dkab380. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Chen, Tao; Ying, Liya; Xiong, Luying; Wang, Xueting; Lu, Ping; Wang, Yuan; Shen, Ping; Xiao, Yonghong (26 June 2024). "Understanding carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: Key virulence factors and evolutionary convergence". hLife. doi:10.1016/j.hlife.2024.06.005. ISSN 2949-9283.
  4. ↑ "Public Health Rapid Risk Assessment related to hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying carbapenemase genes in the Region of the Americas". PAHO. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
  5. ↑ Wang, Qian; Liu, Yue; Chen, Ran; Zhang, Meng; Si, Zaifeng; Wang, Yueling; Jin, Yan; Bai, Yuanyuan; Song, Zhen; Lu, Xinglun; Hao, Mingju; Hao, Yingying (29 March 2024). "Genomic insights into the evolution and mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring blaKPC and blaNDM: implications for public health threat mitigation". Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 23 (1): 27. doi:10.1186/s12941-024-00686-3. ISSN 1476-0711. Archived from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 21 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mendes, Gabriel; Santos, Maria Leonor; Ramalho, João F.; Duarte, Aida; Caneiras, Cátia (2023). "Virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae". Frontiers in Microbiology. 14: 1325077. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1325077. ISSN 1664-302X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ↑ Mai, Dongmei; Wu, Anqi; Li, Ran; Cai, Donghao; Tong, Huichun; Wang, Nan; Tan, Junqing (29 November 2023). "Identification of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae based on biomarkers and Galleria mellonella infection model". BMC Microbiology. 23 (1): 369. doi:10.1186/s12866-023-03124-0. ISSN 1471-2180. Archived from the original on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Liao, Wenjian; Long, Dan; Huang, Qisen; Wei, Dandan; Liu, Xiaobing; Wan, Lagen; Feng, Yuling; Zhang, Wei; Liu, Yang (4 June 2020). "Rapid Detection to Differentiate Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) From Classical K. pneumoniae by Identifying peg-344 With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplication (LAMP)". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01189. ISSN 1664-302X. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  9. ↑ Lei, Ting-yu; Liao, Bin-bin; Yang, Liang-Rui; Wang, Ying; Chen, Xu-bing (1 November 2024). "Hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A global public health threat". Microbiological Research. 288: 127839. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2024.127839. ISSN 0944-5013.
  10. ↑ Gálvez-Silva, Matías; Arros, Patricio; Berríos-Pastén, Camilo; Villamil, Aura; Rodas, Paula I.; Araya, Ingrid; Iglesias, Rodrigo; Araya, Pamela; Hormazábal, Juan C.; Bohle, Constanza; Chen, Yahua; Gan, Yunn-Hwen; Chávez, Francisco P.; Lagos, Rosalba; Marcoleta, Andrés E. (12 March 2024). "Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent ST23 Klebsiella pneumoniae with a highly transmissible dual-carbapenemase plasmid in Chile". Biological Research. 57 (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s40659-024-00485-2. ISSN 0717-6287. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ↑ Li, Linlin; Li, Shan; Wei, Xianzhen; Lu, Zhaolu; Qin, Xue; Li, Meng (13 November 2023). "Infection with Carbapenem-resistant Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae: clinical, virulence and molecular epidemiological characteristics". Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 12 (1): 124. doi:10.1186/s13756-023-01331-y. ISSN 2047-2994. Archived from the original on 27 August 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ↑ Ashurst, John V.; Dawson, Adam (2024). "Klebsiella Pneumonia". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  13. ↑ Karampatakis, Theodoros; Tsergouli, Katerina; Behzadi, Payam (21 January 2023). "Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: Virulence Factors, Molecular Epidemiology and Latest Updates in Treatment Options". Antibiotics. 12 (2): 234. doi:10.3390/antibiotics12020234. ISSN 2079-6382.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Video:Carbapenem-resistant_hypervirulent_Klebsiella_pneumoniae&oldid=1433746"