Video:Buruli ulcer
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Description
Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium ulcerans.[1]
Symptoms1
It typically begins as a painless swelling or bump in skin.[1]
Symptoms2
Symptoms2
The ulcer may be larger inside than at the surface of the skin,[2]
Symptoms3
It may spread into bone.[1] Buruli ulcers most commonly affect the arms or legs.[1] Fever is uncommon.[1]
Complications
Complications include scarring.[1]
Transmission
M. ulcerans releases a toxin known as mycolactone, which decreases immune system function and results in tissue death.[3] Bacteria from the same group cause tuberculosis and leprosy.[4] How the disease is spread is not known.[4] Sources of water may be involved in the spread.[2]
Treatment
Most early infections resolve with an 8 week course of antibiotics,[3][5] typically rifampicin and clarithromycin,[4] and sometimes moxifloxacin.[4] Other treatments may include cutting out the ulcer.[3][6] After the infection heals, the area typically has a scar.[7]
Epidemiology
About two thousand seven hundred cases were reported in 2018.[4] Buruli ulcers occur most commonly in rural sub-Saharan Africa and Australia with fewer cases in South America and the Western Pacific.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) Fact sheet N°199". World Health Organization. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nakanaga, K; Yotsu, RR; Hoshino, Y; Suzuki, K; Makino, M; Ishii, N (2013). "Buruli ulcer and mycolactone-producing mycobacteria". Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases. 66 (2): 83–8. doi:10.7883/yoken.66.83. PMID 23514902.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) Fact sheet N°199". World Health Organization. June 2013. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2014.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Buruli ulcer". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ↑ "Treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer): guidance for health workers". World Health Organization. 2012. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- ↑ Sizaire V, Nackers F, Comte E, Portaels F (2006). "Mycobacterium ulcerans infection: control, diagnosis, and treatment". Lancet Infect Dis. 6 (5): 288–296. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70464-9. hdl:10144/17727. PMID 16631549. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ↑ Einarsdottir T, Huygen K (November 2011). "Buruli ulcer". Hum Vaccin. 7 (11): 1198–203. doi:10.4161/hv.7.11.17751. PMID 22048117. Archived from the original on 2020-04-13. Retrieved 2014-06-29.
- ↑ "Buruli ulcer (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection) Fact sheet N°199". World Health Organization. April 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2018.