Video:Basal-cell carcinoma
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Description
Basal-cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer.[1]
Signs and symptoms
The classic appearance is a painless small raised bump in the skin, which may be shiny with overlying small blood vessels, and have a central dip or ulcer, crusting, or blood.[2]
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Other symptoms1
Larger ones may have a rolled edge.[2] Other patterns may include small bluish fluid-filled bumps, white plaques, or dry scaly marks.[2]
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Other symptoms2
If scratched they may bleed.[2] It tends to grow slowly, damage surrounding tissue, but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death.[3]
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Risk factors1
Risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet light, having lighter skin, radiation therapy, long-term exposure to arsenic and poor immune-system function.[1]
Risk factors2
The use of tanning beds and exposure to UV light during childhood is particularly harmful.[1]
Mechanism
It is believed to originate from a type of cell associated with the hair follicle.[1]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by its appearance and confirmed by skin biopsy.[2]
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Prevention
It remains unclear whether sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer.[2]
Treatment
Treatment is typically by surgical removal.[2] This can be by simple excision if the cancer is small; otherwise, Mohs surgery is generally recommended.[4] Other options include electrodesiccation and curettage, cryosurgery, topical chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, laser surgery or the use of imiquimod, a topical immune-activating medication.[5] In the rare cases in which distant spread has occurred, chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be used.[5]
Epidemiology
Basal-cell cancer is the most common type of skin cancer and the most common cancer overall.[1] It accounts for near a third of all cancers globally.[6][7] In Australia, 50% of people develop basal cell carcinoma before the age of 70.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 DE, Elder; D, Massi; RA, Scolyer; R, Willemze (2018). "Basal cell carcinoma". WHO Classification of Skin Tumours. Vol. 11 (4th ed.). Lyon (France): World Health Organization. pp. 26–34. ISBN 978-92-832-2440-2. Archived from the original on 2022-07-11. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "29. Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 648–651. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ↑ "Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 11 February 2022. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ Gandhi SA, Kampp J (November 2015). "Skin Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management". The Medical Clinics of North America. 99 (6): 1323–35. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.06.002. PMID 26476255.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Skin Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 21 June 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ↑ Cakir BÖ, Adamson P, Cingi C (November 2012). "Epidemiology and economic burden of nonmelanoma skin cancer". Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 20 (4): 419–22. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004. PMID 23084294.
- ↑ Dubas LE, Ingraffea A (February 2013). "Nonmelanoma skin cancer". Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 21 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.003. PMID 23369588.