List of diphtheria and tetanus vaccines

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Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccines protect against diphtheria and tetanus, and are not available as individual vaccines.[1][2] They are always combined and when part of a larger combination vaccine, always contain pertussis vaccine.[3] The amount of diphtheria toxoid in the vaccine determines whether the vaccine is a higher dose, that is for primary immunisation of very young children and usually given as 3 doses each given 4 weeks apart, or lower dose, for primary immunisation in adults and older children, and as a booster such as after an injury or in pregnancy.[2] A booster dose is given 3 years after the primary course.[2] A second booster dose can be given 10 years later.[2] Given in pregnancy, it protects the baby once born.[2][4]

Higher dose diphtheria (D) content

Globally, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis vaccines are typically given to very young children combined with one or more of inactivated polio vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine or Hib-vaccine, in combinations or 4, 5 or 6 vaccines in one injection.[2]

Diphtheria & tetanus vaccines
Vaccine Disease prevented Brands Content Recommended for Effectivenenss Side effects Comments/avaiabilty Image
2 in 1 Diphtheria and tetanus combined vaccine (DT)[5] Diphtheria, tetanus None Diphtheria toxoid (higher dose), tetanus toxoid Can be given when there is a contraindication to having pertussis vaccine.[2] Not in common use.[2] There is one generic pediatric DT (Sanofi Pasteur) vaccine used in the United States.[6]
DT-vaccine
3 in 1 DTwP[7] Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, whole-cell pertussis component[7]
DTaP vaccine[8] Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis[8] Daptacel,[9] Infanrix Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis component[7]
4 in 1 DTwP-HepB[10] Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B
DTwP-Hib[10]
DTP-Hib vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae disease
DTaP-Hib vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae disease
DTP-HepB vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B
DTaP-IPV vaccine Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio Kinrix, Quadracel
5 in 1 DTwP-HepB-Hib[10] Pentabio in Indonesia[11] Pentavac in India[12] Shan6 in Thailand[13]
DTPw-HepB-Hib vaccine (Pentavalent vaccine or 5-in-1 vaccine) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (contains whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP), hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae disease Generally used in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), where polio vaccine is given separately by mouth. The 5-in-1 in the UK is different to the 5-in-1 in India.[14] In 1978, India launched the Expanded Programme on Immunisation.[15] DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) was one of the first to be introduced.[15] In 1985, the programme was converted to the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).[15] DPT continues to be a part of UIP, which now includes the pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus [DPT], Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B)).[15][16][17][18]
DTaP-IPV-HepB vaccine (Pentavalent vaccine or 5-in-1 vaccine) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (contains acellular pertussis vaccine (aP)), polio, hepatitis B. Pediarix
DTaP-IPV/Hib vaccine (Pentavalent vaccine or 5-in-1 vaccine) Infanrix-IPV + Hib, Pediacel[14] Age 2 months to 9 years, 3 doses each 4 weeks apart.[4] Was given in the UK for many years until 2017, when it was replaced with Infanrix hexa (added hep B).[14]
6 in 1 DTaP-HepB-IPV-Hib (hexavalent vaccine) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae disease, hepatitis B[7] Vaxelis, Hexyon, Infanrix hexa[7] Infanrix hexa: 3 doses 4 weeks apart from 6 weeks old, followed by booster doses after 6 months but before 18 months.[7] Vaxelis, Hexyon: 3 doses 4 weeks apart from 6 weeks old, followed by booster doses after 6 months.[7]
Infanrix hexa vaccine[19]

Lower dose diphtheria (d) content

In older children (>7 years in US,[2] >10 years in UK[4]), and throughout adulthood, the lower dose diphtheria vaccine containing combinations are used.[2]

Diphtheria & tetanus vaccines
Vaccine Disease prevented Brands Content Recommended for Effectivenenss Side effects Comments/avaiabilty Image
Tetanus and diphtheria combined vaccine (Td)[20] Diphtheria, tetanus In the US: Tenivac,[21][22] Decavac[23] Can be given when there is a contraindication to having pertussis vaccine. Protects preteens, teens, and adults from tetanus and diphtheria. Td is usually given as a booster dose every 10 years, but it can also be given earlier after a severe and dirty wound or burn. Td may be given at the same time as other vaccines.[5][24] Tenivac approved by FDA in US in 2003[21] Others via UNICEF[25]
Td-IPV Diphtheria, tetanus, polio REVAXiS (3-in-1 teenager booster)[4] For age over 10 years (UK) (3-in-1 teenage booster)
REVAXiS (UK)[26]
Tdap Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis Adacel, Boostrix Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis For preteens, teens and adults. To protect newborns until they receive their first vaccines, it is recommended in women between 27 and 36 weeks of each pregnancy and in any unimmunized close contacts of the baby.[27]
Tdap-IPV[28][29] Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio[28][29] REPEVAX,[28] Boostrix-IPV[29] Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (acellular, component) and poliomyelitis (inactivated) vaccine (adsorbed, reduced antigen(s) content)[28][29] Age 3-9 years (UK) - given 3 years after primary immunisation. Offered as a booster dose to children when they are starting school.[28][4] Can be given to pregnant women during late pregnancy.[28][29]
REPEVAX vaccine in pre-filled syringe[28]
Boostrix-IPV vaccine[29]

References

  1. ↑ Domachowske, Joseph (2021). "21. Pertussis". In Domachowske, Joseph; Suryadevara, Manika (eds.). Vaccines: A Clinical Overview and Practical Guide. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 257–266. ISBN 978-3-030-58416-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Domachowske, Joseph (2021). "29. Tetanus". In Domachowske, Joseph; Suryadevara, Manika (eds.). Vaccines: A clinical overview and practical guide. Switzerland: Springer. p. 347. ISBN 978-3-030-58416-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  3. ↑ Kollaritsch, Herwig; Heininger, Ulrich (2021). "18. Pertussis vaccines". In Vesikari, Timo; Damme, Pierre Van (eds.). Pediatric Vaccines and Vaccinations: A European Textbook (Second ed.). Switzerland: Springer. pp. 185–194. ISBN 978-3-030-77172-0. Archived from the original on 2023-09-16. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "14. Vaccines". British National Formulary (BNF) (82 ed.). London: BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2021 – March 2022. pp. 1357–1377. ISBN 978-0-85711-413-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Diphtheria | Vaccines". www.vaccines.gov. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "About Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccination | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Martinon-Torres, Federico (2021). "20. Pediatric combination vaccines". In Vesikari, Timo; Damme, Pierre Van (eds.). Pediatric Vaccines and Vaccinations: A European Textbook (Second ed.). Switzerland: Springer. pp. 207–222. ISBN 978-3-030-77172-0. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fanget, Nicolas (28 September 2020). "Pertussis: a tale of two vaccines". Nature Research. doi:10.1038/d42859-020-00013-8. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  9. ↑ Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and (2 October 2019). "Daptacel". FDA. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Diphtheria Tetanus and Pertussis Vaccine Supply Update" Archived 2022-01-11 at the Wayback Machine. UNICEF Supply Division. October 2016.
  11. ↑ Gunardi, Hartono; Rusmil, Kusnandi; Fadlyana, Eddy; Dhamayanti, Meita; Sekartini, Rini; Tarigan, Rodman; Satari, Hindra Irawan; Medise, Bernie Endyarni; Sari, Rini Mulia; Bachtiar, Novilia Sjafri; Kartasasmita, Cissy B.; Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki S. (28 May 2018). "DTwP-HB-Hib: antibody persistence after a primary series, immune response and safety after a booster dose in children 18–24 months old". BMC Pediatrics. 18 (1): 177. doi:10.1186/s12887-018-1143-6. ISSN 1471-2431. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  12. ↑ Dalvi, Shashank; Kulkarni, Prasad S.; Phadke, M. A.; More, S. S.; Lalwani, Sanjay K.; Jain, Dipty; Manglani, Mamta; Garg, B. S.; Doibale, Mohan K.; Deshmukh, C. T. (2015). "A comparative clinical study to assess safety and reactogenicity of a DTwP-HepB+Hib vaccine". Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 11 (4): 901–907. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1010953. ISSN 2164-554X. PMID 25933183. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
  13. ↑ "Immunogenicity and Safety of a DTwP-HepB-Hib-IPV (Shan6™) Vaccine When Administered Concomitantly With Routine Pediatric Vaccines in Healthy Infants and Toddlers in Thailand". clinicaltrials.gov. 12 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "5-in-1 Vaccine (also called Pentavalent Vaccine)". Vaccine Knowledge Project. 22 March 2018. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Immunization :: National Health Mission". nhm.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  16. ↑ Organization, World Health; Biologicals, World Health Organization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and (2004). Immunization in Practice: A Practical Guide for Health Staff. World Health Organization. p. 20. ISBN 9789241546515. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  17. ↑ Malhame M, Baker E, Gandhi G, Jones A, Kalpaxis P, Iqbal R, et al. (August 2019). "Shaping markets to benefit global health - A 15-year history and lessons learned from the pentavalent vaccine market". Vaccine. 2: 100033. doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100033. PMC 6668221. PMID 31384748. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  18. ↑ "Module 1. Target diseases and vaccines: Diphtheria". Immunization in Practice: A Practical Guide for Health Staff. World Health Organization. 2015. p. 7. ISBN 978-92-4-154909-7. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  19. ↑ "Infanrix hexa, Powder and suspension for suspension for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  20. ↑ Tucker, Rebecca G. (2022). 2022 Lippincott Pocket Drug Guide for Nurses. Wolters Kluwer. p. 548. ISBN 978-1-9751-8322-6. Archived from the original on 2022-01-11. Retrieved 2022-01-09.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and (9 December 2019). "TENIVAC". FDA. Archived from the original on 8 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  22. ↑ "Tetanus, Diphtheria (Td) Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  23. ↑ "Decavac Td Uses, Side Effects & Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  24. ↑ "Vaccine Information Statement | Td | Tetanus-Diphtheria | VIS | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  25. ↑ "Td (Tetanus, Diphtheria) vaccine price data". www.unicef.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  26. ↑ "REVAXIS suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  27. ↑ "Why should I get Tdap during pregnancy?". www.acog.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 "REPEVAX - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 "Boostrix-IPV suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". www.medicines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
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