Type V collagen

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Type V collagen is a form of fibrillar[1] collagen associated with classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. It is found within the dermal/epidermal junction, placental tissues, as well as in association with tissues containing type I collagen.[2]

Type V collagen is a part of the family of collagen proteins consisting of Collagen I- Collagen XXVIII. Collagen proteins are often associated with the strengthening and support of many tissues including skin, bones, muscles, and ligaments. There are some studies that suggest that Type V collagen is responsible for the formation of other collagen fibrils in different tissues within the body.[3] According to studies, Collagen V regulates the heterotypic fiber diameter.[4] Type V Collagen is considered a regulatory fibril forming collagen.[5] Collagen V is associated with the COL5A1 gene which is the gene which provides instructions to produce Collagen V. Type V Collagen, like other collagens, is made up of procollagen molecules.

Collagen V molecular isoforms are α1(V)α2(V)α3(V), α1(V)3, and α1(V)2 α2(V). These procollagen molecules are made up of three different α -polypeptide chains.[5] These α -polypeptide chains are α1(V), α2(V), and α3(V). Different combinations of these chains form the Type V collagen Isoforms. Procollagen molecules then form mature collagen with the help of enzymes. After the chains are formed, they arrange into thin fibrils. These collagen fibrils then assort with type I collagen fibrils.[3]

Type V collagen is a part of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM).[5] Collagen V is gene expression modulated by TGF-β. Type V collagen has shown that it is resistant to digestion by interstitial collagenases. Denatured collagen V on the other hand, can be degraded by gelatinases as well as metalloproteinases.[5]

Alternative names

Type V collagen has a few alternative names alpha 1 These include: type V collagen preproprotein, CO5A1_HUMAN, and collagen type V alpha.[3] Type V collagen can also be abbreviated to COLV or collagen V.

Diseases associated with type V collagen

Some studies show that a mutation in the gene that codes for Type V collagen is linked as the cause of a form of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.  Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Classical Type is the result of mutations of the COL5A1 gene which codes Type V Collagen. This form of the Ehlers Danlos- Syndrome (classical type) is associated with hypermobility, scarring and elasticity of the skin and other tissues. Researchers discovered the cause of this form of Ehlers Danlos is due to the mutation that produces less chains from the three chains that make up Type V Collagen. Over 100 mutations to the gene COL5A1 have been identified. These mutations result in the underproduction of pro-α1(V) chains. With these mutations, Type V Collagen fibrils are not fully developed and disorganized. This results in the different symptoms of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome.[3]

Health

Type V Collagen studies show that Collagen V plays some other roles in different parts of the body. These roles can be both beneficial and harmful.

Beneficial roles that Type V collagen plays in the body are:

  • Neoepitopes of Type V collagen have shown to be a useful noninvasive serum biomarker for assessing fibrotic progression and resolution in experimental hepatic fibrosis.[5]
  • Type V Collagens isoform which contains the α3(V) chain is involved in mediating pancreatic islet cell functions.[5]
  • Type V Collagens will arrange with Type I Collagen and form heterotypic fibrils in the skin dermis and cornea. Together, Collagen V and Collagen I acts as a dominant regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis.[5]
  • Type V Collagens interacts with matrix collagens and structural proteins. This interaction improves structural integrity to tissue scaffolds.[5]

Harmful roles that Type V collagen can play in the body.

  • Having a Type V Collagen deficiency has been associated with loss of corneal transparency and classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.[5]
  • Studies have shown that an overexpression of Type V Collagen can lead to harmful responses in the body. Collagen V overexpression has been found in cancer, granulation tissue, inflammation and atherosclerosis. It is also linked to fibrosis of the lungs, skin, kidneys, adipose tissue, and liver.[5]
  • Increases in Type V Collagen are associated with both early and advanced hepatic fibrosis.[5]
  • Studies show that increased synthesis of abnormal Type V Collagen is linked to the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis[4]

Autoimmunity against type V collagen is associated with lung transplant failure.[6][7][8]

Genes

References

  1. ^ Wenstrup RJ, Florer JB, Brunskill EW, Bell SM, Chervoneva I, Birk DE (December 2004). "Type V collagen controls the initiation of collagen fibril assembly". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (51): 53331–53337. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409622200. PMID 15383546.
  2. ^ Malfait F, Wenstrup R, De Paepe A (1993). Adam MP, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Gripp KW, Amemiya A (eds.). "Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Classic Type". GeneReviews. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301422.
  3. ^ a b c d "COL5A1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  4. ^ a b Martin, Patricia; Teodoro, Walcy R.; Velosa, Ana Paula P.; de Morais, Jymenez; Carrasco, Solange; Christmann, Romy B.; Goldenstein-Schainberg, Cláudia; Parra, Edwin R.; Katayama, Maria Lúcia; Sotto, Mirian N.; Capelozzi, Vera L.; Yoshinari, Natalino H. (September 2012). "Abnormal collagen V deposition in dermis correlates with skin thickening and disease activity in systemic sclerosis". Autoimmunity Reviews. 11 (11): 827–835. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2012.02.017. ISSN 1873-0183. PMID 22406224.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mak, Ki M.; Png, Chien Yi M.; Lee, Danielle J. (May 2016). "Type V Collagen in Health, Disease, and Fibrosis". Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J.: 2007). 299 (5): 613–629. doi:10.1002/ar.23330. ISSN 1932-8494. PMID 26910848.
  6. ^ "Studies on Collagen". www.collagencomplete.com. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  7. ^ Haque MA, Mizobuchi T, Yasufuku K, Fujisawa T, Brutkiewicz RR, Zheng Y, et al. (August 2002). "Evidence for immune responses to a self-antigen in lung transplantation: role of type V collagen-specific T cells in the pathogenesis of lung allograft rejection". Journal of Immunology. 169 (3): 1542–1549. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1542. PMID 12133982.
  8. ^ Iwata T, Philipovskiy A, Fisher AJ, Presson RG, Chiyo M, Lee J, et al. (October 2008). "Anti-type V collagen humoral immunity in lung transplant primary graft dysfunction". Journal of Immunology. 181 (8): 5738–5747. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5738. PMC 2997998. PMID 18832733.

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