Tanzania Marburg virus disease outbreak

From WikiProjectMed
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Tanzania Marburg virus disease outbreak
Initial case: 13 January 2025
Declared ended 13 March 2025
Tanzania (Kagera location)
Tanzania map
Confirmed cases2[1] (8 probable[2])
Deaths10[2]

On 13, January 2025 a Marburg virus outbreak was declared in the country of Tanzania.This recent outbreak in Tanzania is not the country's first encounter with the Marburg virus. In March 2023, there was an outbreak in the Kagera region, which resulted in five deaths. The current outbreak, also in the Kagera region, has already claimed eight lives.[3][4][5]

It has been reported that Kenya is on high alert after Tanzania confirmed MVD cases.No cases have been reported in Kenya, however due to high cross-border movements from Tanzania, monitoring is ongoing indicated the statement from the capital city,Nairobi.[6]

The U.S. issued a level 1 travel advisory on 23 January.[7] On 13 March the outbreak was declared over, the case fatality ratio was 100%[8]

Epidemiology

The start of this outbreak and for the time being, sees that there is a discrepancy between the government of Tanzania and WHO as to the current number of deaths from MVD[9][10]; risk of the MVD outbreak, according to the World Health Organization is assessed as high at the national level , as well as the regional level due to Kagera region's strategic location as a transit hub.[4] On 15 January the government of Tanzania denied any outbreak, despite the WHO assertion that there was[11][12]

It was reported on 20 January, that the government of Tanzania finally recognized that there was a Marburg virus outbreak, and there are currently 25 suspected cases[13] On 21 January, it was reported that Africa CDC has given $2 million to help Tanzania in its need to contain the current MVD outbreak. [14]

On 23 January, it was reported that there were 281 contacts(contact tracing) that were being followed up by the government of Tanzania[15] On 24 January, WHO indicated that it had "shipped 1.4 tonnes of essential medical supplies including diagnostic kits and personal protective equipment", to the country of Tanzania.[1]

On 28 January it was reported that the African Union's Centres for Disease Control and Prevention indicated that there were now 9 deaths due to MVD[16] On 12 February it was reported that the European Union will donate €150,000 in humanitarian aid;this to support the current VHF in the country.[17]

On 14 February, the WHO reported that the last case was on 28, January which was buried, "no new confirmed or probable cases have been reported following this..."[18]The outbreak will be declared over once all contacts have been discharged and enhanced surveillance continues for 42 consecutive days without a new case[19]On 13 March it was reported that the Ministry of Health of Tanzania declared the end of the Marburg virus disease outbreak. This declaration came after two consecutive incubation periods ( 42 days)[8]

Marburg virus

Scanning electron micrograph of Marburg virus particles (yellow) [20]

Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the Filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species Marburg marburgvirus, genus Marburgvirus.[21] It causes Marburg virus disease in primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever.[22]

The virus is considered to be extremely dangerous. The World Health Organization (WHO) rates it as a Risk Group 4 Pathogen.[23]

The virus can be transmitted by exposure to one species of fruit bats or it can be transmitted between people via body fluids through unprotected sex and broken skin. The disease can cause haemorrhage, fever, and other symptoms similar to Ebola, which belongs to the same family of viruses. [24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "WHO ramps up support for Tanzania's Marburg outbreak response | WHO | Regional Office for Africa". www.afro.who.int. 24 January 2025. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 24 January 2025.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Quick takes: Measles in Texas, Marburg death, more polio cases | CIDRAP". www.cidrap.umn.edu. 31 January 2025. Archived from the original on 1 February 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  3. ↑ "Suspected Marburg outbreak kills 8 in Tanzania — WHO". www.msn.com. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Outbreak of suspected Marburg Virus Disease– United Republic of Tanzania". www.who.int. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  5. ↑ "WHO says suspected outbreak of Marburg disease kills 8 in remote part of Tanzania". Voice of America. 15 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "Kenya on high alert after Tanzania confirms Marburg outbreak". english.news.cn. Retrieved 25 January 2025.
  7. ↑ "Tanzania, including Zanzibar - Traveler view | Travelers' Health | CDC". wwwnc.cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Marburg virus disease– United Republic of Tanzania". www.who.int. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
  9. ↑ "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on outbreak of Marburg virus disease – 20 January 2025". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 20 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  10. ↑ News, A. B. C. "WHO says suspected outbreak of Marburg disease kills 8 in a remote part of Tanzania". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  11. ↑ "Tanzania says no sign of Marburg outbreak in the country". www.msn.com. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  12. ↑ "WHO support for Tanzania's response to suspected Marburg virus disease outbreak | WHO | Regional Office for Africa". www.afro.who.int. 16 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  13. ↑ "Tanzania confirms outbreak of Marburg virus disease | WHO | Regional Office for Africa". www.afro.who.int. 20 January 2025. Retrieved 20 January 2025.
  14. ↑ "Tanzania declares Marburg Virus disease outbreak". Vanguard News. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 21 January 2025.
  15. ↑ "Tanzania confirms second Marburg virus case | CIDRAP". www.cidrap.umn.edu. 23 January 2025. Archived from the original on 23 January 2025. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  16. ↑ Presse, AFP-Agence France. "Death Toll From Tanzania Marburg Outbreak Rises To Nine". barrons. Archived from the original on 24 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  17. ↑ "The European Union Allocates TZS 396.2 million to support Tanzania's response to Marburg Outbreak | EEAS". www.eeas.europa.eu. Retrieved 13 February 2025.
  18. ↑ "Marburg Virus Disease–United Republic of Tanzania". www.who.int. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
  19. ↑ Nakkazi, Esther (1 March 2025). "Marburg virus disease in Tanzania". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 25 (3): e140. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00103-3. ISSN 1473-3099. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
  20. ↑ "Marburg Virus Particles". NIAID. 19 April 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  21. ↑ Kuhn, Jens H; Becker, Stephan; Ebihara, Hideki; Geisbert, Thomas W; Johnson, Karl M; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Lipkin, W Ian; Negredo, Ana I; Netesov, Sergey V; Nichol, Stuart T; Palacios, Gustavo; Peters, Clarence J; Tenorio, Antonio; Volchkov, Viktor E; Jahrling, Peter B (30 October 2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations". Archives of virology. 155 (12). Archived from the original on 15 January 2025. Retrieved 2 February 2025.
  22. ↑ Spickler A. "Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Infections" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-30. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  23. ↑ US Department of Health and Human Services. "Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th Edition". Archived from the original on 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2011-10-16.
  24. ↑ Marburg virus disease Fact sheet Updated October 2017 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ Archived 2018-04-18 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Tanzania_Marburg_virus_disease_outbreak&oldid=1455875"