Prilocaine
Names | |
---|---|
Pronunciation | /ˈpraɪləˌkeɪn/[1] |
Trade names | Citanest, Prilotekal, others |
| |
Clinical data | |
Drug class | Local anesthetic (amide)[2] |
Main uses | Numbing a specific area, nerve block, spinal anesthesia[3][2] |
Side effects | Dizziness, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, nausea, arrhythmia[2] |
Pregnancy category |
|
Routes of use | Subcutaneous |
External links | |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a603026 |
Legal | |
License data |
|
Legal status | |
Pharmacokinetics | |
Protein binding | 55% |
Metabolism | Liver and kidney |
Elimination half-life | 10-150 minutes, longer with impaired liver or kidney function |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C13H20N2O |
Molar mass | 220.316 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Melting point | 37 to 38 °C (99 to 100 °F) |
| |
|
Prilocaine, sold under the trade name Citanest among others, is a local anesthetic used for numbing a specific area, for a nerve block, or as part of spinal anesthesia.[3][2] It is used by injection.[4] It is also available as a lidocaine/prilocaine cream.[2]
Side effects may include dizziness, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, nausea, and arrhythmia.[2] Other side effects may include methemoglobinemia and cardiac arrest.[2] Use in pregnancy appears to be relatively safe.[5] It is an amide type local anesthetic.[2]
Prilocaine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1965.[4] In the United Kingdom 50 mL of a 1% solution costs about £5.[2] Manufacture has been discontinued in the United States as of 2012;[6] though it previously costs about 1 USD for 1.8 mL of a 4% solution.[7]
Medical uses
Dosage
Typically 1 to 2 mL is used, though in someone who is at least 75 kg up to 15 mL of 4% solution may be used.[4] Dosing should be based on ideal body weight.[2]
Combinations
It is given as a combination with the vasoconstrictor epinephrine. It is used as an eutectic mixture with lidocaine, 50% w/w, as lidocaine/prilocaine. The mixture is an oil with a melting point of 18 °C (64 °F). A 5% emulsion preparation, containing 2.5% each of lidocaine/prilocaine, under the trade name EMLA (an abbreviation for eutectic mixture of local anesthetics).[8]
Contraindications
In some patients, ortho-toluidine, a metabolite of prilocaine, may cause methemoglobinemia, which may be treated with methylene blue. Prilocaine may also be contraindicated in people with sickle cell anemia, anemia, or symptomatic hypoxia.[9]
History
It was first prepared by Claes Tegner and Nils Löfgren.
Society and culture
Compendial status
References
- ↑ "Prilocaine". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 1409. ISBN 978-0857114105.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "DailyMed - CITANEST PLAIN- prilocaine hydrochloride injection, solution". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Archived 30 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Prilocaine Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Archived 5 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Giglio, JA; Lanni, SM; Laskin, DM; Giglio, NW (February 2009). "Oral health care for the pregnant patient". Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 75 (1): 43–8. PMID 19239743.
- ↑ "Determination That CITANEST (Prilocaine Hydrochloride) Injection, 1%, 2%, and 3%, and CITANEST PLAIN (Prilocaine Hydrochloride) Injection, 4%, Were Not Withdrawn From Sale for Reasons of Safety or Effectiveness". Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Archived 9 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Citanest HCl Plain Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2021. Archived 14 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Topical Anesthesia Use in Children: Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics". Medscape.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2014-01-07. Archived 2013-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Patel V, Morrissey J (2011-09-15). Practical and Professional Clinical Skills. Oxford University Press. p. 267. ISBN 9780199585618. Archived from the original on 2021-04-28. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ↑ The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Revision Bulletin: Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream–Revision to Related Compounds Test, archived from the original on 5 July 2010, retrieved 10 July 2009 Archived 5 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine
External links
External sites: | |
---|---|
Identifiers: |
|
- Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls
- Webarchive template wayback links
- Chemical articles with unknown parameter in Infobox drug
- Chemical articles without CAS registry number
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without UNII source
- Chemicals using indexlabels
- Drugs missing an ATC code
- Drug has EMA link
- Local anesthetics
- Anilides
- AstraZeneca brands
- RTT
- All stub articles
- Nervous system drug stubs