Ovarian tumor

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Ovarian tumor
Ovarian tumors by incidence and cancer risk.png
Ovarian tumors by incidence and risk of ovarian cancer[1]
SpecialtyGynaecology

Ovarian tumors, or ovarian neoplasms, are tumors of the ovary.[2] Not all are ovarian cancer.[2] They consists of mainly solid tissue, while ovarian cysts contain fluid.

In 2020, the WHO divided ovarian tumors as 90% epithelial, 3% germ cell, and 2% sex cord-stromal types.[3]

Serous tumors

Class Type Subtypes Epidemiology Comments Micrograph Image
Serous tumor of the ovary Serous cystadenoma of the ovary Serous surface papilloma

Serous adenofibroma

Serous cystadenofibroma

Serous borderline tumor Serous borderline tumor, micropapillary variant
Serous carcinoma, non-invasive, low grade
Low grade serous carcinoma
High-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary[4]

Mucinous tumors

Class Type Subtypes Epidemiology Comments Micrograph Image
Ovarian mucinous tumor Mucinous cystadenoma
Mucinous adenofibroma
Mucinous borderline tumor
Mucinous adenocarcinoma

Endometrioid tumors

Class Type Subtypes Epidemiology Comments Micrograph Image
Endometrioid tumors Endometrioid cystadenoma
Endometrioid adenofibroma
Endometrioid tumor, borderline
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Submucinous carcinoma

Germ cell tumors

Type Subtype Relative incidence[5] Percent malignant[5] Comments Micrograph Image
Germ cell tumor Mature teratoma of the ovary[6] 20% of all ovarian tumors[6] Mostly benign, rarely become cancerous[6] Cystic, with elements of all 3 germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).[7]
Hair follicles.
Ovarian teratoma with hair.jpg
Immature teratoma of the ovary[8] 2.5% 100% A teratoma that contains anaplastic immature elements, and is often synonymous with malignant teratoma.[9] Histopathology of immature teratoma of the ovary.jpg
Dysgerminoma of ovary[10] 1% of all ovarian cancers[10]
Dysgerminoma surgery.jpg
Yolk sac tumor[11] 20% of cancerous ovarian germ cell tumors[11]
Embryonal carcinoma[12]
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma[13]
Mixed germ cell tumor[14]

Sex cord-stromal tumor

Sex cord-stromal tumor can be purely stromal, purely sex cord, or mixed sex-cord subtypes.[15]

Type Subtype Relative incidence[5] Percent malignant[5] Comments Micrograph Image
Sex cord-stromal tumor: pure stromal tumors, pure sex cord tumors and mixed sex cord-stromal tumors Ovarian fibroma 1.5% 0% Spindle-shaped fibroblastic cells and abundant collagen.[16] Histopathology of an ovarian fibroma.jpg
Fibroma of the Ovary.jpg
Adult granulosa cell tumor 1% Almost 100% Small, bland, cuboidal to polygonal cells in various patterns.[17] Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Ovary (5621714007).jpg
Other sex cord-stromal tumors 1% Others include mainly juvenile granulosa cell tumor, thecoma and sclerosing stromal tumor[5]
Sex cord-stromal tumor NOS The number of people who have this type of tumor, and the cause of it, is not known.[15] A few may be cancerous, with a 92% 5-year survival rate.[15] Also known as neoplasms of uncertain behaviour of female genital organs and sex cord-gonadal stroll tumor, it is a tumor without clearly defined features of a particular tumor.[15] They may be solid or a mixture of solid and cystic.[15]

Surface epithelial-stromal tumor

Type Subtype Relative incidence[5] Percent malignant[5] Comments Micrograph Image
Surface epithelial-stromal tumor Serous tumor 25% 18.5% Benign serous tumors of the right ovarian cyst are thinwalled unilocular cysts that are lined by ciliated pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar epithelium.[18] Histopathology of lining of a benign serous tumor of the ovary.jpg
Mucinous tumor 15% 8.8% Benign mucinous tumors of the ovary consist of simple, nonstratified columnar epithelium with basally-located hyperchromatic nuclei and resemble gastric foveolar epithelium.[18] Histopathology of lining of a benign mucinous tumor of the ovary.jpg
Endometrioid tumor 1% Almost 100% Tubular glands, resembling endometrium.[19] Histopathology of well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma.png
Other surface-epithelial tumors 1.5% Others include mainly malignant mixed mullerian tumor, Brenner tumor and mixed epithelial tumor.[5]
Brenner tumor.

Mixed tumors contain elements of more than one of the above classes of tumor histology.

References

  1. ↑ - Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
    - Minor adjustment for mature cystic teratomas (0.17 to 2% risk of ovarian cancer): Mandal, Shramana; Badhe, Bhawana A. (2012). "Malignant Transformation in a Mature Teratoma with Metastatic Deposits in the Omentum: A Case Report". Case Reports in Pathology. 2012: 1–3. doi:10.1155/2012/568062. ISSN 2090-6781. PMC 3469088. PMID 23082264.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: introduction". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 32–35. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  3. ↑ De Leo, A; Santini, D; Ceccarelli, C; Santandrea, G; Palicelli, A; Acquaviva, G; Chiarucci, F; Rosini, F; Ravegnini, G; Pession, A; Turchetti, D; Zamagni, C; Perrone, AM; De Iaco, P; Tallini, G; de Biase, D (14 April 2021). "What Is New on Ovarian Carcinoma: Integrated Morphologic and Molecular Analysis Following the New 2020 World Health Organization Classification of Female Genital Tumors". Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 11 (4). doi:10.3390/diagnostics11040697. PMID 33919741. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  4. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 45–47. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Unless otherwise specified in boxes, reference is: Vaidya, SA; Kc, S; Sharma, P; Vaidya, S (2014). "Spectrum of ovarian tumors in a referral hospital in Nepal". Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 4 (7): 539–543. doi:10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10295. ISSN 2091-0908.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: mature teratoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  7. ↑ Hillary Rose Elwood. "Skin nonmelanocytic tumor - Other tumors of skin - Benign (mature) cystic teratoma". pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2021-03-06. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 November 2016. Revised: 4 April 2019
  8. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: immature teratoma of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  9. ↑ Sun, Hang; Ding, Hongxin; Wang, Jianjun; Zhang, Emma; Fang, Yihua; Li, Zhenhua; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Chongren; Zhao, Yifan; Chen, Kan; Wen, Siwan; Li, Liang; Shan, Shan; Hong, Liu; Chen, Face; Su, Pu (2019). "The differences between gonadal and extra-gonadal malignant teratomas in both genders and the effects of chemotherapy". BMC Cancer. 19 (1): 408. doi:10.1186/s12885-019-5598-0. ISSN 1471-2407. PMC 6492338. PMID 31039746.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: dysgerminoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 123–124. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: yolk sac tumor". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 125–126. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  12. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: embryonal carcinoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  13. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: non-gestational choriocarcinoma". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 129–130. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  14. ↑ WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: Mixed germ cell tumor of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary: sex cord-stromal tumor". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 93–117. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  16. ↑ Parwate, Nikhil Sadanand; Patel, Shilpa M.; Arora, Ruchi; Gupta, Monisha (2015). "Ovarian Fibroma: A Clinico-pathological Study of 23 Cases with Review of Literature". The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India. 66 (6): 460–465. doi:10.1007/s13224-015-0717-6. ISSN 0971-9202. PMC 5080219. PMID 27821988.
  17. ↑ Shahrzad Ehdaivand. "Ovary tumor - Sex cord stromal tumors - Granulosa cell tumor - adult". Pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 December 2012. Revised: 9 March 2020
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Baradwan, Saeed; Alalyani, Haneen; Baradwan, Amira; Baradwan, Afnan; Al-Ghamdi, Maram; Alnemari, Jameel; Al-Jaroudi, Dania (2018). "Bilateral ovarian masses with different histopathology in each ovary". Clinical Case Reports. 6 (5): 784–787. doi:10.1002/ccr3.1466. ISSN 2050-0904. PMC 5930217. PMID 29744056.
  19. ↑ Shahrzad Ehdaivand. "Ovary tumor - Endometrioid tumors - General". Pathology Outlines. Archived from the original on 2020-02-16. Retrieved 2021-12-26. Topic Completed: 1 December 2012. Revised: 6 March 2020
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