Miglitol

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Not to be confused with Meglutol.
Miglitol
Structural diagram of miglitol
Names
Trade namesGlyset
  • (2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)
    piperidine-3,4,5-triol
Clinical data
Drug classα-glucosidase inhibitor[1]
Main usesType 2 diabetes[1]
Side effectsDiarrhea, abdominal pain, increased intestinal gas[1]
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: B (No risk in non-human studies)
Routes of
use		By mouth (tablets)
Typical dose300 mg TID[1]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601079
Legal
License data
Legal status
Pharmacokinetics
BioavailabilityDose-dependent
Protein bindingNegligible (<4.0%)
MetabolismNil
Elimination half-life2 hours
ExcretionKidney (95%)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H17NO5
Molar mass207.226 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Density1.458 g/cm3
Melting point114 °C (237 °F)
  • OCCN1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C1)CO
  • InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N checkY

Miglitol, sold under the brand name Glycet, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] It is used together with diet and exercise.[1]

Common side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and increased intestinal gas.[1] Well there is no evidence of harm in pregnancy, such use has not been well studied.[2] It is an α-glucosidase inhibitor which decreases the break down complex carbohydrates into glucose.[1]

Miglitol was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.[1] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In the United States it costs about 24 USD per month as of 2021.[3]

Medical uses

Dosage

It is taken at a dose of 300 mg three times per day.[1]

Chemistry

Miglitol, and other structurally-related iminosugars, inhibit glycoside hydrolase enzymes called alpha-glucosidases. Since miglitol works by preventing digestion of carbohydrates, it lowers the degree of postprandial hyperglycemia. It must be taken at the start of main meals to have maximal effect.[4] Its effect will depend on the amount of non-monosaccharide carbohydrates in a person's diet.

In contrast to acarbose (another alpha-glucosidase inhibitor), miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 "Miglitol Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Miglitol (Glyset) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Miglitol Prices, Coupons & Savings Tips - GoodRx". GoodRx. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  4. ↑ "Glyset (miglitol) tablets label - Accessdata FDA" (PDF). Drugs@FDA. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2013.

External links

Identifiers:
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