Lonafarnib

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Lonafarnib
Names
Trade namesZokinvy
Other namesSCH 66336
  • 4-(2-{4-[(11R)-3,10-dibromo-8-chloro-6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-yl]piperidin-1-yl}-2-oxoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxamide
Clinical data
Main usesHutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Certain processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies[1]
Side effectsNausea, headache, diarrhea, infection, muscle pain, electrolyte problems, weight loss, bone marrow suppression, liver inflammation, high blood pressure, tiredness[1]
Routes of
use		By mouth
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
Legal
License data
Legal status
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC27H31Br2ClN4O2
Molar mass638.83 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C=12CCC=3C=C(C=C(C3[C@H](C1N=CC(=C2)Br)C4CCN(CC4)C(=O)CC5CCN(CC5)C(N)=O)Br)Cl
  • InChI=1S/C27H31Br2ClN4O2/c28-20-12-19-2-1-18-13-21(30)14-22(29)24(18)25(26(19)32-15-20)17-5-9-33(10-6-17)23(35)11-16-3-7-34(8-4-16)27(31)36/h12-17,25H,1-11H2,(H2,31,36)/t25-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:DHMTURDWPRKSOA-RUZDIDTESA-N checkY

Lonafarnib, sold under the brand name Zokinvy, is a medication used to treat Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and certain processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies.[1] It is used in people starting at a year old.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1]

Common side effects included nausea, headache, diarrhea, infection, muscle pain, electrolyte problems, weight loss, bone marrow suppression, liver inflammation, high blood pressure, and tiredness.[1] Other side effects may include kidney problems, vision problems, and decreased fertility.[1] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[1] It is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor.[1]

Lonafarnib was approved for medical use in the United States in 2020 and Europe in 2022.[1][2] In the United States, at the initial dose of 50 mg twice per day, it costs about 50,000 USD per month as of 2022.[3]

Medical uses

Lonafarnib is indicated to be used to reduce the risk of death due to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and for the treatment of certain other processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies in people one year of age and older.[4][5]

Dosage

It is started at a dose of 115 mg/m2 twice per day and increased to 150 mg/m2 twice per day.[1]

Contraindications

Lonafarnib is contraindicated for co-administration with strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitors and inducers, as well as midazolam and certain cholesterol-lowering medications.[4]

History

Lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, is an oral medication that helps prevent the buildup of defective progerin or progerin-like protein.[4] The effectiveness of lonafarnib for the treatment of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome was demonstrated in 62 patients from two single-arm trials (Trial 1/NCT00425607 and Trial 2/NCT00916747) that were compared to matched, untreated patients from a separate natural history study.[4][5] Compared to untreated patients, the lifespan of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome patients treated with lonafarnib increased by an average of three months through the first three years of treatment and by an average of 2.5 years through the maximum follow-up time of 11 years.[4] Lonafarnib's approval for the treatment of certain processing-deficient progeroid laminopathies that are very rare took into account similarities in the underlying genetic mechanism of disease and other available data.[4] The participants were from 34 countries around the world, including the United States.[5]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted the application for lonafarnib priority review, orphan drug, and breakthrough therapy designations.[4] In addition, the manufacturer received a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher.[4] The FDA granted the approval of Zokinvy to Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Inc.[4] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication.[6]

Society and culture

Legal status

On 19 May 2022, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances for the medicinal product Zokinvy, intended for the treatment of patients with progeroid syndromes.[7][8] The applicant for this medicinal product is EigerBio Europe Limited.[7] It was approved for medical use in the European Union in July 2022.[2]

Research

Lonafarnib is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) that has been investigated in a human clinical trial as a treatment for progeria, which is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age.[9][10]

Lonafarnib is a synthetic tricyclic halogenated carboxamide with antineoplastic properties.[11] As such, it is used primarily for cancer treatment. For those with progeria, research has shown that the drug reduces the prevalence of stroke and transient ischemic attack, and the prevalence and frequency of headaches while taking the medication.[12] A phase II clinical trial was completed in 2012, which showed that a cocktail of drugs that included lonafarnib and two other drugs met clinical efficacy endpoints that improved the height and diminished the rigidity of the bones of progeria patients.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "Lonafarnib capsule". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Zokinvy EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  3. ↑ "Zokinvy Prices, Coupons, Copay & Patient Assistance". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 "FDA Approves First Treatment for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Some Progeroid Laminopathies". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 20 November 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Drug Trials Snapshots: Zokinvy". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 20 November 2020. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ↑ "New Drug Therapy Approvals 2020". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 31 December 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Zokinvy: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency. 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  8. ↑ "First treatment for children with Progeria or progeroid like syndromes (rare premature aging syndromes)". European Medicines Agency (EMA) (Press release). 19 May 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  9. ↑ Liu G, Marrinan CH, Taylor SA, Black S, Basso AD, Kirschmeier P, et al. (September 2007). "Enhancement of the antitumor activity of tamoxifen and anastrozole by the farnesyltransferase inhibitor lonafarnib (SCH66336)". Anti-Cancer Drugs. 18 (8): 923–31. doi:10.1097/CAD.0b013e3280c1416e. PMID 17667598. S2CID 7009843.
  10. ↑ "The FTI Drug Lonafarnib" Archived 2021-12-15 at the Wayback Machine, Progeria Research Foundation. Accessed October 3, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Lonafarnib". NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. 2011-02-02. Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2013-11-05.
  12. ↑ Ullrich NJ, Kieran MW, Miller DT, Gordon LB, Cho YJ, Silvera VM, et al. (July 2013). "Neurologic features of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome after lonafarnib treatment". Neurology. 81 (5): 427–30. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d85c0. PMC 3776537. PMID 23897869.

External links

External sites:
Identifiers:
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