List of nail conditions

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This is a list of terms used to describe nails in nail diseases.[1][2] Some are normal variants.[3] Most can be diagnosed by their appearance.[4] There may be a change in color, shape, surface, or attachment of the nail.[5]

Types

  • Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
  • Acquired abnormalities of nail colour[6]
  • Infections of the nail or perionychium[6]
  • Certain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[6]
  • Genetic defects of nails or nail growth[6]

Nail conditions

A-F

Nail abnormality atlas (A-F)
Name Types Signs and symptoms Image Notes
Anonychia[7] The absence of finger- and/or toenails.[7] Anonychia (DermNet NZ lichen-planus-nail-046).jpg
Beau’s lines Varying depths of transverse grooves across the nail due to reduced growth or arrest of nail growth.[8] Beau lines seen in first left toenail (DermNet NZ beau-lines-2-v2).jpg
Chevron nail Also known as Herringbone nail, is a transient fingernail ridge pattern seen in children.[1]
Chromonychia Brown-black nails (melanonychia)[9] Racial melanonychia (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-melanonychia-13).jpg Acquired abnormalities of nail color[6]
Blue nails[7] Blue nails due to minocycline (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-blue-mino).jpg
Green nails Pseudomonas-candida infection (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-paron-ps).jpg
Red nails[9] A red longitudinal streak or erythronychia is often due to onychopapilloma. (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-erythronychia).jpg
White nails: Terry's nails[7]
Clubbing[8] Congenital
Acquired Clubbing of the fingers (DermNet NZ Clubbing-fingers-0).jpg
Congenital onychodysplasia of the index fingers
Darier disease Darier disease (DermNet NZ Dariers-disease-001).jpg
Drug side effect Acitretin nail thinning (DermNet NZ treatments-acitretin-nail-1).jpg

G-I

Nail abnormality atlas (G-I)
Name Description Image
Habit-tic deformity[9] Habit-tic deformity example on thumb.jpg
Half and half nail[7] Half and half nail (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-half).jpg
Hangnail An annoying torn piece of skin, next to a fingernail or toenail.[1] Hangnail on left hand pinkie 01.jpg
Hapalonychia Detachment of a fingernail.jpg
Hook nail Hook nail deformity.png
Hutchinson sign[10]
Ingrown nail Ingrowing toenail[8]
Infected ingrowing toenail Ingrown nail 002 cropped.jpg

J-N

Nail abnormality atlas (J-N)
Name Description Image
Koilonychia[3]
  • Spoon-shaped nails (thin and curve upwards)[3]
  • Normal in babies[3]
 Koilonychia (DermNet NZ reactions-w-koilonychia01).jpg
Lichen planus of nails Lehman, 2009 Fig11.tiff
Mees' lines[7] Mees' lines.jpg
Muehrcke's nails[7] Muehrcke's lines.JPG
Nail–patella syndrome Nailpatellakleur1fotojanwij.jpg
Nail splitting Nail splitting- onychoschizia (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-schizia2).jpg

O

Nail abnormality atlas (O)
Name Description Image
Onychauxis[7] Psoriasis (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-ht-ps).jpg
Onychia ONYCHIA1.JPG
Onychogryphosis[7] There have been a few reports ofcongenitalonychogryphosis, and onychogryphosis can be seen in a number of raregenodermatoses. (DermNet NZ onychogryphosis-05).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
Onycholysis Psoriatic Psoriatic onycholysis File:Drug-induced onycholysis (DermNet NZ reactions-onycholysis3).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
Drug-induced Drug-induced onycholysis (DermNet NZ reactions-onycholysis3).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
Onychophosis
Onychomadesis[3] Shedding of nails from base[3]

New nail simultaneously appearing[3]

Following viral infection[3]

Onychomadesis following hand foot and mouth disease (DermNet NZ enteronailped1).jpg
Onychomatricoma © Dr Ph Abimelec – dermatologue (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-a-onychomatricoma).jpg
Onychomycosis Superficial white onychomycosis 3 (DermNet NZ white-onychomycosis-3).jpg
Onychorrhexis[7] Excessive ridges from frequent hand washing.[7] Effect of ageing (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-ridge-n).jpg
Onychoschizia[7]

P

Nail abnormality atlas (P)
Name Types Signs and symptomsImage Image Notes
Paronychia[12] Acute[12] Peronychia - Copy.jpg
Chronic[12] ChronicParonychia.jpg
Bacterial[12] Acute staphylococcal paronychia (DermNet NZ fungal-paron7).jpg
Viral[12] Acute herpetic paronychia (DermNet NZ fungal-paron9).jpg
Fungal[12] (DermNet NZ fungal-paronychia-3287).jpg
Non-infectious[12] Paronychia induced by isotretinoin (DermNet NZ fungal-s-paron2).jpg
Pachyonychia congenita Pachyonychia congenita (DermNet NZ scaly-pachyonychia4).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
Pincer nail Pincer nail (DermNet NZ trumpet-nail-0).jpg
Pitted nails[7] Small, pinpoint depressions in a nail, which may give a clue to diagnosing conditions such as psoriasis and alopecia areata.[1][7] Nail pitting due to psoriatic nail dystrophy. (DermNet NZ psorkynsi3).jpg Acquired deformities of the nail plate[6]
Platonychia
Plummer's nail PMC3371544 IJD-57-247-g002.png
Psoriatic onychodystrophy Nail psoriasis (DermNet NZ scaly-nail-psoriasis-3232).jpg
Pterygium inversus unguis[1] Pterygium inversum unguis.png
Pterygium unguis[1] Pterygium unguis 2.png

Q-Z

Nail abnormality atlas (Q-Z)
Name Description Image
Racquet nail Clubbed thumb.jpg
Shell nail syndrome
Splinter hemorrhage[7] Splinter haemorrhages (DermNet NZ onychopapilloma-1).jpg
Subungual hematoma Hématome sous ungéal 01.jpg Certain disorders affecting the nails or perionychium[6]
Trachonychia[7] Trachyonychia (DermNet NZ hair-nails-sweat-s-trachy2).jpg
Yellow nail syndrome[7] [8] Yellow nail syndrome 1.png Acquired abnormalities of nail color[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "33. Diseases of the skin appendages". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 750–793. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-04-12. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  2. ↑ "Nail terminology | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Bellet, Jane Sanders (2021). "Paediatric nail disorders". In Lipner, Shari (ed.). Nail Disorders: Diagnosis and Management, An Issue of Dermatologic Clinics. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 231–244. ISBN 978-0-323-70923-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-04-12.
  4. ↑ Singal, Archana; Neema, Shekhar; Kumar, Piyush, eds. (2019). Nail Disorders: A Comprehensive Approach. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-8153-7834-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  5. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 165–174. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 "ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "2. Diagnostic clues and "need-to-know" items". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 30–33. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Tosti, Antonella (2020). "413. Diseases of hair and nails". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2660–2661. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Sloan, Brett; Muzumdar, Sonal (2022). "15. Conditions that frequently affect a single nail". In Waldman, Reid A.; Grant-Kels, Jane M. (eds.). Dermatology for the Primary Care Provider. Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 268–272. ISBN 978-0-323-71236-1. Archived from the original on 2023-07-30. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  10. ↑ Bose, Shiti; Khandare, Manish; Kulkarni, Dipak; Joseph, Jebin (January 2023). "A Compendium of Common Signs in Dermoscopy, Trichoscopy, and Onychoscopy". Clinical Dermatology Review. 7 (1): 44. doi:10.4103/cdr.cdr_74_21. ISSN 2542-551X. Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  11. ↑ Berker, David de (2019). "20. Diseases of the nails". In Morris-Jones, Rachael (ed.). ABC of Dermatology (7th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-119-48899-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Dulski, Anne; Edwards, Christopher W. (2022). "Paronychia". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. Archived from the original on 2022-08-15. Retrieved 2023-08-03.
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