List of countries by life expectancy

See also: List of countries by past life expectancy

The life expectancy is shown separately for males and for females, as well as a combined figure. Several non-sovereign entities and territories are also included in this list.

The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV infections.

From the beginning of the current century there is a tendency to also estimate Healthy life expectancy (HALE) — the average number of years that a person can expect to live in "full health".

Comparing life expectancies across countries can be problematic. For example, due to poor reporting in some countries and various local standards in collecting statistics. This is especially true for Healthy life expectancy, the definition of which criteria may change over time, even within a country.

World Bank Group (2020)

Comparison of average female and male life expectancy as defined by WHO for 2019. Open the original chart Archived 15 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine in a separate tab and hover over a bubble to highlight it. The squares of bubbles are proportional to country population according to estimation of the UN for 2019.

Data of the World Bank Group for 2020. The values in the World Bank Group tables are rounded. All calculations were done on raw data, therefore, due to the nuances of rounding, in some places illusory inconsistencies of indicators arose, with a size of 0.01 year. Since this entry is prone to vandalism and political bias it is recommended to check the original source

Countries	all	male	female	gender gap	Δ 2019 all	Δ 2019 male	Δ 2019 female	Δ 2019 gen. gap
Japan	84.62	81.64	87.74	6.10	0.26	0.23	0.29	0.06
Singapore	83.74	81.50	86.10	4.60	0.15	0.10	0.20	0.10
South Korea	83.43	80.50	86.50	6.00	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.00
Norway	83.21	81.60	84.90	3.30	0.25	0.30	0.20	-0.10
Australia	83.20	81.20	85.30	4.10	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.00
Switzerland	83.10	81.10	85.20	4.10	-0.80	-1.00	-0.60	0.40
Iceland	83.07	81.70	84.50	2.80	-0.10	0.00	-0.20	-0.20
Israel	82.70	80.70	84.80	4.10	-0.10	-0.30	0.10	0.40
Malta	82.65	80.80	84.60	3.80	-0.20	-0.40	0.00	0.40
Sweden	82.41	80.70	84.20	3.50	-0.70	-0.80	-0.60	0.20
Italy	82.34	80.10	84.70	4.60	-1.15	-1.30	-1.00	0.30
Spain	82.33	79.70	85.10	5.40	-1.50	-1.40	-1.60	-0.20
Ireland	82.20	80.40	84.10	3.70	-0.50	-0.40	-0.60	-0.20
France	82.18	79.20	85.30	6.10	-0.65	-0.70	-0.60	0.10
Finland	82.13	79.40	85.00	5.60	0.15	0.10	0.20	0.10
New Zealand	82.06	80.30	83.90	3.60	0.35	0.30	0.40	0.10
Bermuda	82.06	78.30	86.00	7.70	0.19	0.17	0.21	0.04
Liechtenstein	81.81	80.10	83.60	3.50	-2.35	-2.50	-2.20	0.30
Canada	81.75	79.70	83.90	4.20	-0.30	-0.30	-0.30	0.00
Luxembourg	81.74	79.40	84.20	4.80	-0.90	-0.80	-1.00	-0.20
Denmark	81.55	79.60	83.60	4.00	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.00
Netherlands	81.41	79.80	83.10	3.30	-0.70	-0.80	-0.60	0.20
Austria	81.19	78.90	83.60	4.70	-0.70	-0.80	-0.60	0.20
Cyprus	81.14	79.10	83.15	4.05	0.15	0.18	0.12	-0.06
Greece	81.09	78.60	83.70	5.10	-0.55	-0.60	-0.50	0.10
Portugal	80.98	78.00	84.10	6.10	-0.70	-0.70	-0.70	0.00
Germany	80.94	78.60	83.40	4.80	-0.35	-0.40	-0.30	0.10
United Kingdom	80.90	79.00	82.90	3.90	-0.30	-0.40	-0.20	0.20
Belgium	80.80	78.60	83.10	4.50	-1.20	-1.20	-1.20	0.00
Slovenia	80.53	77.80	83.40	5.60	-1.00	-0.90	-1.10	-0.20
Costa Rica	80.47	77.95	83.05	5.09	0.19	0.21	0.15	-0.06
Qatar	80.36	79.31	82.15	2.83	0.14	0.17	0.14	-0.04
Chile	80.33	77.99	82.52	4.53	0.15	0.22	0.08	-0.14
Guam	80.28	77.05	83.70	6.65	0.20	0.23	0.16	-0.07
Puerto Rico	80.09	76.73	83.62	6.89	0.16	0.20	0.12	-0.08
Barbados	79.31	77.96	80.58	2.62	0.12	0.14	0.10	-0.05
Maldives	79.21	77.82	81.04	3.22	0.29	0.29	0.26	-0.04
Lebanon	79.00	77.22	80.93	3.71	0.07	0.08	0.06	-0.02
Cuba	78.89	76.94	80.86	3.93	0.09	0.09	0.08	-0.01
Albania	78.69	77.16	80.26	3.09	0.11	0.16	0.06	-0.11
Panama	78.68	75.62	81.90	6.28	0.17	0.19	0.14	-0.05
Estonia	78.35	74.20	82.70	8.50	-0.30	-0.30	-0.30	0.00
Czechia	78.23	75.30	81.30	6.00	-1.00	-1.10	-0.90	0.20
United Arab Emirates	78.12	77.44	79.46	2.02	0.15	0.15	0.14	-0.01
Oman	78.08	75.56	80.53	4.97	-0.72	-0.73	-0.79	-0.54
Uruguay	78.06	74.29	81.59	7.30	0.14	0.17	0.12	-0.05
Turkey	77.93	74.98	80.77	5.79	0.24	0.26	0.21	-0.05
French Polynesia	77.84	75.81	80.06	4.25	0.18	0.20	0.16	-0.03
Croatia	77.72	74.70	80.90	6.20	-0.70	-0.70	-0.70	0.00
Bosnia and Herzegovina	77.55	75.05	79.99	4.94	0.14	0.16	0.13	-0.02
Colombia	77.46	74.72	80.17	5.45	0.17	0.19	0.15	-0.04
Bahrain	77.42	76.56	78.56	2.00	0.13	0.12	0.13	0.01
Thailand	77.34	73.68	81.06	7.38	0.19	0.22	0.16	-0.06
USA	77.28	74.50	80.20	5.70	-1.51	-1.80	-1.20	0.60
Seychelles	77.24	72.70	82.00	9.30	3.19	2.80	3.60	0.80
Ecuador	77.22	74.50	80.02	5.52	0.21	0.22	0.19	-0.04
Antigua and Barbuda	77.15	75.98	78.23	2.25	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.00
Sri Lanka	77.14	73.78	80.40	6.62	0.17	0.18	0.14	-0.04
China	77.10	74.95	79.41	4.46	0.18	0.19	0.17	-0.03
Algeria	77.06	75.86	78.32	2.46	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.01
Peru	76.95	74.29	79.71	5.43	0.21	0.23	0.21	-0.02
Morocco	76.90	75.65	78.12	2.47	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.00
Tunisia	76.89	74.88	78.90	4.02	0.19	0.19	0.18	-0.01
Iran	76.87	75.78	78.09	2.31	0.19	0.18	0.20	0.02
Slovakia	76.87	73.50	80.40	6.90	-0.80	-0.80	-0.80	0.00
Argentina	76.81	73.41	80.12	6.72	0.15	0.16	0.13	-0.04
Poland	76.60	72.60	80.80	8.20	-1.30	-1.50	-1.10	0.40
Aruba	76.43	73.91	78.77	4.87	0.14	0.14	0.13	-0.01
St. Lucia	76.34	74.98	77.72	2.74	0.14	0.13	0.14	0.02
Malaysia	76.31	74.38	78.46	4.08	0.15	0.15	0.14	-0.01
Brazil	76.08	72.46	79.74	7.27	0.20	0.22	0.18	-0.04
Brunei	76.00	74.86	77.26	2.40	0.14	0.13	0.15	0.02
Montenegro	75.93	73.20	78.80	5.60	-0.75	-0.80	-0.70	0.10
North Macedonia	75.69	73.62	77.87	4.25	-0.91	-1.08	-0.73	0.35
Hungary	75.62	72.30	79.10	6.80	-0.70	-0.80	-0.60	0.20
Kuwait	75.59	74.85	76.71	1.86	0.10	0.09	0.13	0.04
Vietnam	75.49	71.41	79.61	8.20	0.09	0.11	0.09	-0.02
Honduras	75.45	73.14	77.72	4.58	0.18	0.18	0.17	-0.01
Latvia	75.39	70.90	80.10	9.20	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Saudi Arabia	75.28	74.08	76.92	2.84	0.15	0.14	0.16	0.02
Armenia	75.22	71.45	78.65	7.20	0.14	0.13	0.14	0.01
Mexico	75.13	72.30	77.93	5.63	0.08	0.10	0.05	-0.04
Lithuania	74.93	70.10	80.00	9.90	-1.35	-1.50	-1.20	0.30
Belize	74.75	71.76	77.99	6.23	0.13	0.11	0.15	0.04
Nicaragua	74.70	71.16	78.19	7.02	0.21	0.22	0.20	-0.01
Jordan	74.66	72.96	76.44	3.49	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.02
Jamaica	74.59	72.95	76.25	3.30	0.11	0.08	0.13	0.05
Guatemala	74.53	71.62	77.36	5.74	0.23	0.24	0.21	-0.03
Paraguay	74.36	72.36	76.52	4.17	0.11	0.09	0.13	0.04
Romania	74.35	70.50	78.40	7.90	-1.25	-1.40	-1.10	0.30
Dominican Republic	74.26	71.17	77.55	6.38	0.18	0.18	0.17	-0.01
Serbia	74.23	71.40	77.20	5.80	-1.71	-2.00	-1.40	0.60
Belarus	74.23	69.30	79.40	10.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mauritius	74.18	70.86	77.66	6.80	-0.06	-0.21	0.10	0.31
Bahamas	74.05	71.78	76.23	4.45	0.13	0.12	0.15	0.03
Georgia	73.92	69.51	78.27	8.77	0.15	0.16	0.13	-0.03
Caribbean small states	73.87	71.65	76.16	4.51	0.12	0.10	0.13	0.03
Syria	73.65	69.39	78.42	9.03	0.95	1.45	0.32	-1.13
Trinidad and Tobago	73.63	70.99	76.35	5.37	0.12	0.11	0.13	0.02
Bulgaria	73.61	69.90	77.50	7.60	-1.50	-1.70	-1.30	0.40
El Salvador	73.53	68.69	78.04	9.35	0.22	0.23	0.20	-0.03
Samoa	73.45	71.44	75.61	4.17	0.13	0.12	0.14	0.03
Cabo Verde	73.17	69.72	76.38	6.66	0.19	0.20	0.19	-0.01
Solomon Islands	73.13	71.42	75.01	3.60	0.14	0.12	0.15	0.03
Azerbaijan	73.12	70.63	75.57	4.94	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.00
Libya	73.08	70.27	76.11	5.83	0.17	0.17	0.15	-0.02
Bangladesh	72.87	71.13	74.89	3.76	0.28	0.25	0.30	0.05
World	72.75	70.57	75.06	4.49	-0.02	-0.03	-0.01	0.02
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	72.66	70.39	75.26	4.87	0.12	0.11	0.13	0.03
North Korea	72.45	68.80	75.93	7.13	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.00
Grenada	72.43	70.10	74.98	4.89	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.01
Egypt	72.15	69.88	74.53	4.65	0.16	0.14	0.18	0.04
Bhutan	72.08	71.67	72.52	0.85	0.30	0.27	0.35	0.08
Venezuela	72.07	68.32	76.00	7.68	0.00	-0.00	-0.00	-0.00
Moldova	72.01	67.73	76.25	8.53	0.11	0.10	0.10	-0.01
Indonesia	71.91	69.75	74.17	4.42	0.19	0.18	0.21	0.03
Uzbekistan	71.85	69.70	73.97	4.27	0.12	0.11	0.14	0.03
Suriname	71.80	68.58	75.19	6.62	0.12	0.11	0.13	0.02
Kyrgyzstan	71.80	67.80	76.00	8.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.00
Bolivia	71.77	68.93	74.78	5.85	0.26	0.24	0.27	0.03
Greenland	71.40	69.59	73.31	3.72	-0.64	-0.56	-0.73	-0.17
Kazakhstan	71.37	67.09	75.53	8.44	-1.81	-1.73	-1.77	-0.04
Philippines	71.36	67.39	75.62	8.23	0.13	0.13	0.12	-0.01
Russia	71.34	66.49	76.43	9.94	-1.75	-1.75	-1.74	0.01
Tajikistan	71.30	69.12	73.60	4.48	0.20	0.19	0.21	0.02
Ukraine	71.19	66.39	76.22	9.83	-0.64	-0.53	-0.76	-0.23
Nepal	71.07	69.52	72.51	2.99	0.29	0.26	0.30	0.04
Tonga	71.02	69.06	73.02	3.96	0.11	0.09	0.13	0.04
Iraq	70.75	68.69	72.81	4.12	0.14	0.13	0.16	0.04
Vanuatu	70.62	69.11	72.32	3.21	0.15	0.13	0.17	0.04
Sao Tome and Principe	70.58	68.16	73.03	4.87	0.20	0.18	0.22	0.04
Pacific island small states	70.23	68.37	72.22	3.85	0.15	0.12	0.17	0.05
Mongolia	70.06	65.97	74.33	8.35	0.19	0.17	0.18	0.01
Cambodia	70.05	67.75	72.16	4.41	0.23	0.21	0.25	0.04
Guyana	70.02	67.04	73.22	6.18	0.12	0.11	0.12	0.01
Small states	69.95	68.27	71.82	3.55	0.17	0.16	0.18	0.02
India	69.89	68.68	71.20	2.52	0.23	0.21	0.25	0.04
Botswana	69.79	66.67	72.60	5.94	0.20	0.18	0.22	0.04
Timor-Leste	69.71	67.69	71.87	4.18	0.22	0.20	0.23	0.03
Rwanda	69.33	67.11	71.46	4.35	0.30	0.29	0.32	0.04
Other small states	69.03	67.54	70.72	3.18	0.20	0.19	0.21	0.03
Kiribati	68.61	64.48	72.57	8.09	0.24	0.23	0.23	-0.01
Turkmenistan	68.31	64.81	71.85	7.04	0.12	0.11	0.14	0.03
Laos	68.22	66.42	70.06	3.64	0.30	0.28	0.32	0.03
Senegal	68.21	66.01	70.20	4.19	0.27	0.26	0.28	0.03
Micronesia	68.00	66.33	69.73	3.40	0.12	0.10	0.14	0.04
Fiji	67.56	65.77	69.50	3.73	0.12	0.07	0.17	0.10
Djibouti	67.49	65.47	69.77	4.30	0.38	0.35	0.41	0.06
Pakistan	67.43	66.47	68.46	1.99	0.16	0.13	0.18	0.04
Madagascar	67.39	65.75	69.05	3.30	0.35	0.33	0.37	0.04
Myanmar	67.36	64.28	70.34	6.07	0.23	0.23	0.22	-0.01
Kenya	66.99	64.59	69.35	4.76	0.29	0.28	0.30	0.02
Ethiopia	66.95	65.04	68.91	3.87	0.36	0.34	0.37	0.03
Gabon	66.69	64.58	68.93	4.35	0.22	0.19	0.26	0.07
Eritrea	66.68	64.50	68.92	4.43	0.36	0.34	0.37	0.03
Yemen	66.18	64.49	67.89	3.39	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.01
Tanzania	65.81	64.01	67.59	3.58	0.36	0.37	0.35	-0.01
Sudan	65.53	63.66	67.43	3.76	0.22	0.20	0.24	0.04
Afghanistan	65.17	63.71	66.74	3.04	0.34	0.33	0.36	0.03
Mauritania	65.13	63.50	66.73	3.23	0.20	0.20	0.22	0.02
Congo, Rep.	64.80	63.29	66.29	3.00	0.23	0.21	0.26	0.06
Papua New Guinea	64.72	63.48	66.06	2.58	0.22	0.21	0.24	0.03
Malawi	64.69	61.52	67.85	6.33	0.43	0.42	0.44	0.01
Comoros	64.53	62.77	66.34	3.57	0.20	0.19	0.22	0.03
Liberia	64.42	63.02	65.83	2.81	0.32	0.30	0.33	0.03
South Africa	64.38	60.97	67.93	6.96	0.25	0.24	0.25	0.01
Ghana	64.35	63.24	65.48	2.24	0.27	0.25	0.30	0.05
Haiti	64.31	62.13	66.51	4.37	0.31	0.30	0.32	0.02
Zambia	64.19	61.12	67.24	6.11	0.31	0.28	0.34	0.07
Namibia	64.05	61.02	66.85	5.84	0.34	0.33	0.34	0.01
Uganda	63.71	61.32	66.00	4.68	0.34	0.32	0.38	0.06
Niger	62.79	61.64	64.01	2.37	0.37	0.36	0.39	0.03
Gambia	62.38	60.97	63.83	2.86	0.33	0.31	0.35	0.03
Benin	62.08	60.49	63.65	3.15	0.31	0.29	0.32	0.03
Burkina Faso	61.98	61.12	62.72	1.60	0.40	0.38	0.43	0.05
Guinea	61.96	61.18	62.51	1.33	0.36	0.33	0.39	0.06
Burundi	61.92	60.09	63.72	3.63	0.33	0.32	0.34	0.02
Zimbabwe	61.74	60.04	63.16	3.13	0.25	0.24	0.27	0.03
Angola	61.49	58.74	64.38	5.64	0.34	0.33	0.34	0.02
Mozambique	61.39	58.30	64.21	5.91	0.53	0.52	0.54	0.02
Togo	61.34	60.43	62.24	1.81	0.30	0.28	0.32	0.04
DR Congo	60.97	59.42	62.54	3.12	0.29	0.27	0.31	0.03
Eswatini	60.72	56.52	65.41	8.90	0.53	0.51	0.57	0.06
Mali	59.69	58.89	60.49	1.60	0.39	0.36	0.41	0.04
Cameroon	59.63	58.35	60.90	2.55	0.33	0.32	0.34	0.02
Equatorial Guinea	59.06	58.06	60.25	2.19	0.32	0.31	0.33	0.02
Guinea-Bissau	58.63	56.62	60.52	3.90	0.31	0.31	0.31	-0.00
Cote d'Ivoire	58.10	56.90	59.45	2.56	0.32	0.30	0.34	0.03
South Sudan	58.09	56.59	59.64	3.05	0.25	0.24	0.26	0.01
Somalia	57.70	56.01	59.44	3.43	0.30	0.29	0.31	0.02
Sierra Leone	55.07	54.21	55.88	1.66	0.37	0.36	0.38	0.02
Nigeria	55.02	54.10	55.97	1.87	0.33	0.31	0.35	0.04
Lesotho	54.84	51.70	58.09	6.38	0.50	0.50	0.51	0.01
Chad	54.51	53.09	55.95	2.85	0.27	0.26	0.28	0.02
Central African Republic	53.68	51.45	55.93	4.48	0.40	0.37	0.42	0.05

World Health Organization (2019)

According to data published in December 2020. By default, data is sorted by life expectancy at birth for all population, and in case of equal values by HALE for all population.

list

Countries Life expectancy at birth HALE at birth Life expectancy at age 60 HALE at age 60 All M F FΔM Δ 2000 All M F FΔM Δ 2000 All M F FΔM Δ 2000 All M F FΔM Δ 2000  Japan 84.3 81.5 86.9 5.4 3.2 74.1 72.6 75.5 2.9 2.5 26.3 23.9 28.6 4.7 2.2 20.4 18.8 21.8 3.0 1.7  Switzerland 83.4 81.8 85.1 3.3 3.7 72.5 72.2 72.8 0.6 3.2 25.4 24.1 26.6 2.5 2.4 19.5 18.8 20.2 1.4 1.8  South Korea 83.3 80.3 86.1 5.8 7.1 73.1 71.3 74.7 3.4 5.7 25.8 23.4 27.9 4.5 5.1 19.8 18.2 21.2 3.0 3.9  Singapore 83.2 81.0 85.5 4.5 4.8 73.6 72.4 74.7 2.3 4.1 25.5 23.8 27.2 3.4 4.0 20.0 18.8 21.0 2.2 3.4  Spain 83.2 80.7 85.7 5.0 4.1 72.1 71.3 72.9 1.6 3.0 25.4 23.3 27.3 4.0 2.7 19.2 18.0 20.3 2.3 1.9  Cyprus 83.1 81.1 85.1 4.0 4.4 72.4 71.8 73.0 1.2 3.3 24.9 23.3 26.4 3.1 3.0 19.0 18.1 19.9 1.8 2.2  Italy 83.0 80.9 84.9 4.0 3.6 71.9 71.2 72.6 1.4 2.9 25.0 23.4 26.5 3.1 2.5 18.9 17.9 19.8 1.9 1.8  Australia 83.0 81.3 84.8 3.5 3.3 70.9 70.2 71.7 1.5 2.3 25.6 24.4 26.8 2.4 2.5 19.0 18.2 19.7 1.5 1.7  Israel 82.6 80.8 84.4 3.6 4.0 72.4 72.0 72.7 0.7 3.2 24.9 23.6 26.0 2.4 3.0 19.3 18.7 19.9 1.2 2.2  Norway 82.6 81.1 84.1 3.0 4.1 71.4 71.0 71.6 0.6 3.0 24.7 23.5 25.8 2.3 2.7 18.5 17.8 19.1 1.3 1.8  France 82.5 79.8 85.1 5.3 3.6 72.1 71.1 73.1 2.0 2.8 25.3 23.3 27.2 3.9 2.3 19.7 18.5 20.8 2.3 1.7  Sweden 82.4 80.8 84.0 3.2 2.8 71.9 71.7 72.1 0.4 2.0 24.5 23.3 25.6 2.3 2.1 18.9 18.3 19.4 1.1 1.5  Luxembourg 82.4 80.6 84.2 3.6 4.2 71.6 71.1 72.0 0.9 3.3 24.4 22.9 25.8 2.9 2.6 18.5 17.7 19.3 1.6 1.8  Iceland 82.3 80.8 83.9 3.1 2.6 72.0 71.7 72.3 0.6 2.2 24.6 23.7 25.5 1.8 2.0 19.0 18.6 19.4 0.8 1.6  Canada 82.2 80.4 84.1 3.7 3.1 71.3 70.5 72.0 1.5 1.9 25.2 23.8 26.4 2.6 2.7 19.0 18.2 19.7 1.5 1.7  New Zealand 82.0 80.4 83.5 3.1 3.4 70.2 69.6 70.8 1.2 2.4 24.8 23.8 25.8 2.0 2.4 18.6 17.9 19.2 1.3 1.7  Malta 81.9 79.9 83.8 3.9 4.0 71.5 70.9 71.9 1.0 3.0 24.5 23.0 25.9 2.9 3.7 18.9 18.0 19.6 1.6 2.7 Template:Country data Malta  Netherlands 81.8 80.4 83.1 2.7 3.8 71.4 71.3 71.5 0.2 2.6 24.1 23.0 25.1 2.1 2.8 18.4 17.9 18.9 1.0 1.8  Ireland 81.8 80.2 83.5 3.3 5.4 71.1 70.7 71.4 0.7 4.0 24.2 23.0 25.3 2.3 4.0 18.6 18.0 19.2 1.2 2.9  Germany 81.7 78.7 84.8 6.1 3.6 70.9 69.7 72.1 2.4 2.4 24.4 21.9 26.9 5.0 2.6 18.5 17.0 19.9 2.9 1.7  Portugal 81.6 78.6 84.4 5.8 5.0 71.0 69.6 72.2 2.6 4.2 24.3 22.1 26.3 4.2 3.1 18.6 17.3 19.8 2.5 2.3  Finland 81.6 79.2 84.0 4.8 4.0 71.0 69.9 72.0 2.1 3.2 24.2 22.4 25.8 3.4 2.6 18.5 17.3 19.5 2.2 2.0  Austria 81.6 79.4 83.8 4.4 3.4 70.9 69.9 71.9 2.0 2.7 24.1 22.4 25.6 3.2 2.1 18.3 17.2 19.4 2.2 1.6  Belgium 81.4 79.3 83.5 4.2 3.7 70.6 69.8 71.3 1.5 2.8 24.0 22.3 25.6 3.3 2.4 18.2 17.2 19.1 1.9 1.6  United Kingdom 81.4 79.8 83.0 3.2 3.5 70.1 69.6 70.6 1.0 2.5 24.1 23.0 25.2 2.2 2.8 18.3 17.6 18.9 1.3 2.0  Denmark 81.3 79.6 83.0 3.4 4.4 71.0 70.7 71.4 0.7 3.4 23.6 22.3 24.9 2.6 3.0 18.2 17.6 18.9 1.3 2.2  Slovenia 81.3 78.6 84.1 5.5 5.2 70.7 69.0 72.5 3.5 4.2 23.8 21.8 25.6 3.8 3.3 17.8 16.4 19.2 2.8 2.5  Greece 81.1 78.6 83.6 5.0 2.9 70.9 69.9 71.9 2.0 2.3 23.8 22.1 25.5 3.4 2.3 18.4 17.3 19.5 2.2 1.6  Kuwait 81.0 79.3 83.9 4.6 3.1 70.1 69.5 71.1 1.6 2.4 24.0 22.8 25.9 3.1 1.8 17.8 17.1 18.9 1.8 1.3  Costa Rica 80.8 78.3 83.4 5.1 2.8 70.0 68.6 71.3 2.7 2.0 25.0 23.6 26.4 2.8 2.6 18.7 17.8 19.5 1.7 1.8  Chile 80.7 78.1 83.2 5.1 3.9 70.0 69.0 71.1 2.1 3.0 24.3 22.4 25.9 3.5 3.0 18.4 17.3 19.3 2.0 2.0  Peru 79.9 78.5 81.3 2.8 5.5 69.5 69.2 69.8 0.6 4.6 24.4 23.7 25.1 1.4 2.1 18.5 18.3 18.7 0.4 1.5  Maldives 79.6 78.6 80.8 2.2 8.6 70.0 69.7 70.0 0.3 7.6 22.1 21.4 23.1 1.7 4.1 16.8 16.4 17.2 0.8 3.1 Template:Country data Maldives  Colombia 79.3 76.7 81.9 5.2 5.6 69.0 67.4 70.5 3.1 4.9 24.0 22.5 25.3 2.8 2.3 18.1 17.1 18.9 1.8 1.8  Panama 79.3 76.6 82.1 5.5 2.1 68.7 67.4 70.0 2.6 1.5 24.3 22.6 26.0 3.4 1.0 18.1 17.1 19.2 2.1 0.5  Czechia 79.1 76.3 81.9 5.6 4.1 68.8 67.0 70.6 3.6 2.9 22.1 19.9 24.0 4.1 2.8 16.3 14.7 17.8 3.1 1.7  Estonia 78.9 74.7 82.6 7.9 8.0 69.2 66.4 71.7 5.3 6.6 22.5 19.3 25.0 5.7 3.9 17.3 14.8 19.1 4.3 3.0  Croatia 78.6 75.5 81.6 6.1 4.2 68.6 66.7 70.5 3.8 3.2 21.8 19.4 23.7 4.3 2.8 16.2 14.6 17.7 3.1 1.8  Turkey 78.6 76.4 80.7 4.3 4.2 68.4 67.8 69.0 1.2 3.4 22.0 20.6 23.2 2.6 0.5 16.6 15.8 17.3 1.5 0.3  United States of America 78.5 76.3 80.7 4.4 1.8 66.1 65.2 67.0 1.8 0.3 23.1 21.8 24.4 2.6 1.7 16.4 15.6 17.1 1.5 0.7  Ecuador 78.4 76.4 80.5 4.1 3.9 68.5 67.7 69.3 1.6 3.3 23.2 22.0 24.3 2.3 1.3 17.6 17.0 18.2 1.2 0.8  Poland 78.3 74.5 81.9 7.4 4.6 68.7 65.9 71.3 5.4 3.7 22.1 19.5 24.3 4.8 2.9 16.8 14.9 18.5 3.6 2.1  Slovakia 78.2 74.8 81.4 6.6 4.9 68.5 66.2 70.8 4.6 3.8 21.8 19.3 23.9 4.6 3.3 16.6 14.6 18.2 3.6 2.4  Albania 78.0 76.3 79.9 3.6 4.5 69.1 68.0 70.3 2.3 3.9 21.0 20.2 21.9 1.7 2.0 16.6 15.9 17.3 1.4 1.6  Jordan 77.9 77.0 78.8 1.8 5.3 67.6 68.1 67.2 -0.9 4.0 21.8 21.6 22.1 0.5 3.2 16.2 16.3 16.2 -0.1 2.3  Cuba 77.8 75.4 80.3 4.9 1.0 67.8 66.6 69.2 2.6 0.7 21.6 20.0 23.2 3.2 0.0 16.3 15.2 17.4 2.2 -0.2  Thailand 77.7 74.4 81.0 6.6 6.4 68.3 65.9 70.6 4.7 5.7 23.6 22.1 24.8 2.7 2.8 18.0 17.0 18.8 1.8 2.4  China 77.4 74.7 80.5 5.8 5.8 68.5 67.2 70.0 2.8 4.8 21.1 19.2 23.1 3.9 2.7 15.9 15.0 16.9 1.9 1.9  Iran 77.3 75.7 79.1 3.4 4.7 66.3 66.0 66.5 0.5 3.7 21.8 21.2 22.5 1.3 2.1 15.7 15.6 15.8 0.2 1.4  Qatar 77.2 78.0 76.6 -1.4 5.9 67.1 68.1 65.1 -3.0 4.7 19.5 20.6 18.4 -2.2 3.6 14.2 15.1 13.1 -2.0 2.6  Uruguay 77.1 73.5 80.6 7.1 2.3 67.5 65.4 69.5 4.1 1.6 21.7 19.0 24.0 5.0 1.1 16.6 14.9 18.2 3.3 0.6  Algeria 77.1 76.2 78.1 1.9 4.9 66.4 66.7 66.1 -0.6 3.7 22.0 21.5 22.6 1.1 2.2 16.0 15.9 16.2 0.3 1.4  Tunisia 77.0 74.9 79.2 4.3 2.9 66.9 66.1 67.7 1.6 2.1 21.5 20.2 22.8 2.6 1.4 16.0 15.1 16.8 1.7 0.9  Sri Lanka 76.9 73.8 79.8 6.0 5.0 67.0 65.1 69.0 3.9 4.0 20.8 18.6 22.6 4.0 1.2 15.3 13.8 16.6 2.8 0.6  Bosnia and Herzegovina 76.8 74.4 79.1 4.7 1.4 67.2 65.7 68.7 3.0 1.0 20.2 18.6 21.6 3.0 0.6 15.2 14.1 16.2 2.1 0.2  Argentina 76.6 73.5 79.5 6.0 2.5 67.1 65.4 68.8 3.4 2.0 21.1 18.8 23.1 4.3 0.9 16.3 14.8 17.6 2.8 0.7  Antigua and Barbuda 76.5 74.9 78.0 3.1 1.9 67.0 66.2 67.7 1.5 1.5 20.6 19.8 21.3 1.5 0.3 15.8 15.3 16.3 1.0 0.1 Template:Country data Antigua and Barbuda  Hungary 76.4 73.1 79.6 6.5 5.1 67.2 65.0 69.3 4.3 4.2 20.2 17.7 22.3 4.6 2.2 15.3 13.4 16.8 3.4 1.7  Lebanon 76.4 74.0 79.2 5.2 1.8 66.0 65.1 67.0 1.9 1.3 20.5 18.8 22.4 3.6 0.7 15.0 13.9 16.2 2.3 0.1  Trinidad and Tobago 76.1 72.5 79.9 7.4 6.4 66.2 64.0 68.6 4.6 4.8 22.7 20.4 25.0 4.6 4.6 17.2 15.6 18.9 3.3 3.2  United Arab Emirates 76.1 75.1 78.4 3.3 2.9 66.0 65.8 66.2 0.4 2.1 19.9 19.2 21.7 2.5 1.2 14.5 14.1 15.3 1.2 0.9  Armenia 76.0 72.5 79.2 6.7 4.1 67.1 64.9 69.1 4.2 3.6 20.4 18.2 22.1 3.9 1.6 15.7 14.2 16.9 2.7 1.2  Barbados 76.0 74.3 77.7 3.4 1.5 67.0 66.2 67.7 1.5 1.0 20.9 19.9 21.8 1.9 0.2 16.3 15.7 16.9 1.2 -0.1 Template:Country data Barbados  Lithuania 76.0 71.2 80.4 9.2 4.0 66.7 63.4 69.7 6.3 3.6 20.9 17.6 23.5 5.9 1.4 15.9 13.4 17.8 4.4 1.2  Jamaica 76.0 74.4 77.7 3.3 1.8 66.6 65.9 67.3 1.4 1.2 21.3 20.1 22.6 2.5 0.3 16.4 15.5 17.3 1.8 0.1  Mexico 76.0 73.1 78.9 5.8 1.6 65.8 64.3 67.2 2.9 1.2 21.8 20.5 23.1 2.6 0.2 16.1 15.3 16.8 1.5 0.3  Montenegro 75.9 73.2 78.7 5.5 2.3 67.0 65.2 68.7 3.5 1.8 19.4 17.4 21.3 3.9 0.2 14.9 13.5 16.3 2.8 0.0  Serbia 75.9 73.5 78.3 4.8 4.5 66.9 65.4 68.4 3.0 3.5 19.6 17.9 21.1 3.2 2.5 14.9 13.7 16.0 2.3 1.7  Brazil 75.9 72.4 79.4 7.0 4.4 65.4 63.4 67.4 4.0 3.7 21.9 20.1 23.5 3.4 2.2 16.4 15.2 17.4 2.2 1.6  Bahrain 75.8 75.0 77.0 2.0 5.3 65.9 66.0 65.5 -0.5 4.0 19.0 18.7 19.4 0.7 4.0 13.8 13.8 13.9 0.1 2.7  Paraguay 75.8 73.1 78.8 5.7 1.0 65.8 64.5 67.3 2.8 0.8 21.8 20.2 23.5 3.3 -0.2 16.5 15.4 17.6 2.2 -0.3  Libya 75.8 74.2 77.3 3.1 1.4 65.2 64.9 65.5 0.6 0.6 21.3 20.5 21.9 1.4 0.3 15.5 15.3 15.8 0.5 -0.1  Romania 75.6 72.0 79.3 7.3 4.2 66.8 64.3 69.4 5.1 3.5 20.3 17.8 22.4 4.6 2.1 15.7 13.8 17.3 3.5 1.6  Latvia 75.4 70.6 79.8 9.2 5.2 66.2 62.9 69.3 6.4 4.6 20.5 17.2 23.0 5.8 2.2 15.6 13.2 17.4 4.2 1.7  Bulgaria 75.1 71.6 78.6 7.0 3.5 66.3 63.9 68.7 4.8 2.8 19.8 17.4 22.0 4.6 2.2 15.2 13.4 16.9 3.5 1.5  Nicaragua 75.0 72.1 77.9 5.8 1.7 65.5 63.7 67.2 3.5 1.8 20.0 18.0 21.9 3.9 -0.1 15.1 13.7 16.3 2.6 0.0 Template:Country data Nicaragua  El Salvador 75.0 70.6 79.1 8.5 2.5 64.9 61.6 67.8 6.2 2.2 22.1 20.4 23.6 3.2 0.7 16.4 15.1 17.4 2.3 0.3  North Macedonia 74.8 72.8 76.9 4.1 3.7 66.1 65.1 67.3 2.2 2.9 18.3 17.0 19.6 2.6 1.9 14.0 13.1 14.9 1.8 1.3  Belarus 74.8 69.7 79.6 9.9 6.0 66.0 62.3 69.4 7.1 5.2 19.7 16.0 22.5 6.5 2.5 15.1 12.3 17.2 4.9 2.0  Malaysia 74.7 72.6 77.1 4.5 1.9 65.7 64.5 66.9 2.4 1.7 19.5 18.5 20.6 2.1 1.4 14.6 14.0 15.3 1.3 1.1  Belize 74.4 71.4 77.8 6.4 4.1 65.3 63.5 67.3 3.8 3.0 21.5 20.3 22.9 2.6 2.8 16.7 15.9 17.6 1.7 2.0 Template:Country data Belize  Brunei Darussalam 74.3 73.4 75.4 2.0 2.1 65.6 65.2 66.1 0.9 1.7 19.2 19.0 19.4 0.4 2.4 14.5 14.3 14.7 0.4 1.9 REDIRECT Template:Country data Brunei  Saint Lucia 74.3 71.3 77.7 6.4 1.1 64.7 63.0 66.6 3.6 0.7 20.9 19.2 22.9 3.7 0.9 15.8 14.7 17.1 2.4 0.6  Bangladesh 74.3 73.0 75.6 2.6 8.7 64.3 64.2 64.4 0.2 7.3 20.9 20.3 21.5 1.2 3.1 15.5 15.4 15.7 0.3 2.2  Saudi Arabia 74.3 73.1 76.1 3.0 3.8 64.0 63.8 64.4 0.6 2.8 19.9 19.3 20.8 1.5 2.4 14.0 13.8 14.4 0.6 1.6  Kyrgyzstan 74.2 70.7 77.3 6.6 8.2 65.8 63.6 67.7 4.1 7.1 20.0 17.8 21.7 3.9 3.3 15.7 14.2 16.8 2.6 2.6  Mauritius 74.1 71.0 77.3 6.3 2.9 63.9 62.0 65.9 3.9 2.0 20.3 18.5 22.0 3.5 2.5 14.5 13.3 15.6 2.3 1.6 Template:Country data Mauritius  Kazakhstan 74.0 70.0 77.6 7.6 10.9 65.0 62.4 67.4 5.0 8.9 19.5 16.8 21.4 4.6 4.2 14.8 13.0 16.2 3.2 3.0  Cabo Verde 74.0 69.9 77.9 8.0 3.0 64.8 62.2 67.2 5.0 2.8 19.7 16.8 21.8 5.0 -0.7 14.9 13.0 16.3 3.3 -0.5 REDIRECT Template:Country data Cape Verde  Oman 73.9 73.0 75.3 2.3 4.8 64.7 64.5 64.5 0.0 3.8 17.8 17.2 18.5 1.3 2.2 13.2 12.9 13.5 0.6 1.5  Venezuela 73.9 69.9 78.2 8.3 -0.2 64.4 61.9 67.1 5.2 -0.3 21.7 19.7 23.6 3.9 0.4 16.3 15.0 17.5 2.5 0.3  Viet Nam 73.7 69.6 78.1 8.5 2.3 65.3 62.4 68.3 5.9 2.0 19.6 16.9 22.0 5.1 0.7 14.8 12.9 16.4 3.5 0.5  Georgia 73.3 68.8 77.8 9.0 3.9 64.7 61.4 67.9 6.5 2.8 18.8 16.0 21.0 5.0 1.8 14.4 12.4 16.1 3.7 1.0  Moldova 73.3 69.3 77.1 7.8 6.4 64.5 61.9 67.1 5.2 5.2 19.0 16.6 20.9 4.3 3.2 14.6 12.8 16.0 3.2 2.5  Seychelles 73.3 70.0 77.1 7.1 1.4 64.0 61.9 66.4 4.5 0.9 19.5 17.5 21.5 4.0 0.5 14.1 12.7 15.4 2.7 0.2 Template:Country data Seychelles World 73.3 70.8 75.9 5.1 6.5 63.7 62.5 64.9 2.4 5.4 21.1 19.5 22.7 3.2 2.3 15.8 14.8 16.6 1.8 1.7  Bahamas 73.2 69.9 76.6 6.7 2.3 64.4 62.3 66.5 4.2 1.7 20.8 19.1 22.4 3.3 0.9 16.2 14.9 17.3 2.4 0.6 Template:Country data Bahamas  Russia 73.2 68.2 78.0 9.8 7.9 64.2 60.7 67.5 6.8 6.9 19.9 16.8 22.2 5.4 3.5 15.0 12.8 16.7 3.9 2.7  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 73.2 71.3 75.3 4.0 2.6 64.0 62.9 65.1 2.2 1.8 20.9 20.2 21.6 1.4 2.4 15.9 15.4 16.4 1.0 1.6 Template:Country data Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Bhutan 73.1 72.0 74.4 2.4 7.4 63.4 63.2 63.5 0.3 6.3 19.4 18.9 19.9 1.0 1.5 14.5 14.3 14.7 0.4 1.0  Uzbekistan 73.0 70.8 75.2 4.4 7.7 64.7 63.5 65.8 2.3 6.6 18.6 17.3 19.8 2.5 2.6 14.5 13.7 15.3 1.6 1.9  Ukraine 73.0 68.0 77.8 9.8 5.5 64.3 60.6 67.8 7.2 4.6 19.5 16.4 21.7 5.3 2.7 15.0 12.7 16.7 4.0 2.2  Morocco 73.0 71.7 74.3 2.6 3.7 63.7 63.7 63.7 0.0 3.0 18.7 17.7 19.6 1.9 0.3 14.1 13.7 14.6 0.9 0.0  Grenada 72.9 70.6 75.3 4.7 0.9 63.9 62.6 65.4 2.8 0.3 18.7 17.2 20.3 3.1 0.8 14.3 13.1 15.6 2.5 0.4  Dominican Republic 72.8 69.8 76.2 6.4 -0.4 64.0 62.1 66.1 4.0 -0.1 20.6 19.0 22.4 3.4 -1.8 16.0 14.8 17.2 2.4 -1.3 Template:Country data Dominican Republic  Syria 72.7 71.2 74.3 3.1 1.2 62.9 62.5 63.3 0.8 0.1 18.7 18.2 19.3 1.1 1.1 13.9 13.8 14.2 0.4 0.5  North Korea 72.6 69.3 75.7 6.4 8.6 65.0 63.3 66.6 3.3 7.2 19.1 16.8 20.8 4.0 3.6 14.9 13.6 15.8 2.2 2.6  Tonga 72.6 69.8 75.6 5.8 1.7 64.0 62.7 65.5 2.8 1.1 19.0 17.0 21.2 4.2 1.0 14.5 13.3 15.7 2.4 0.7 Template:Country data Tonga  Iraq 72.4 69.9 75.0 5.1 3.6 62.7 61.6 63.7 2.1 3.2 19.2 17.6 20.7 3.1 0.9 14.2 13.3 15.0 1.7 0.7  Bolivia 72.1 71.1 73.1 2.0 6.1 63.3 63.2 63.3 0.1 5.4 18.6 18.0 19.1 1.1 0.8 14.2 14.0 14.4 0.4 0.6  Guatemala 72.0 69.0 75.0 6.0 5.2 62.3 60.5 64.1 3.6 4.5 20.5 19.4 21.4 2.0 1.4 15.0 14.4 15.5 1.1 0.9  Honduras 71.9 70.7 73.2 2.5 1.9 63.0 62.7 63.3 0.6 1.8 18.3 17.5 19.1 1.6 -1.3 13.8 13.4 14.2 0.8 -0.9  Egypt 71.8 69.6 74.1 4.5 2.0 63.0 62.3 63.7 1.4 1.8 17.8 16.5 19.1 2.6 -0.7 13.4 12.7 14.0 1.3 -0.5  Suriname 71.5 68.5 74.6 6.1 1.6 62.4 60.7 64.2 3.5 1.1 18.5 16.4 20.5 4.1 -0.4 14.1 12.6 15.4 2.8 -0.4 Template:Country data Suriname  Azerbaijan 71.4 68.8 74.1 5.3 5.9 63.6 62.1 65.2 3.1 5.1 17.1 15.6 18.3 2.7 0.5 13.4 12.4 14.2 1.8 0.3  Indonesia 71.3 69.4 73.3 3.9 4.1 62.8 61.9 63.8 1.9 3.8 17.9 16.7 19.1 2.4 0.3 13.4 12.7 14.0 1.3 0.4  Nepal 70.9 68.9 72.7 3.8 5.6 61.3 60.6 62.1 1.5 5.0 18.0 16.8 19.2 2.4 0.4 13.3 12.7 13.8 1.1 0.5 Template:Country data Nepal  India 70.8 69.5 72.2 2.7 8.7 60.3 60.3 60.4 0.1 7.4 18.8 18.1 19.5 1.4 2.7 13.2 13.0 13.5 0.5 1.9  Samoa 70.5 69.2 71.8 2.6 2.0 62.1 61.8 62.5 0.7 1.4 17.9 17.4 18.3 0.9 0.8 13.4 13.3 13.5 0.2 0.5 Template:Country data Samoa  Philippines 70.4 67.4 73.6 6.2 1.4 62.0 60.1 63.9 3.8 1.4 17.8 15.8 19.6 3.8 0.2 13.4 12.1 14.6 2.5 0.1  Sao Tome and Principe 70.4 68.8 72.0 3.2 6.9 61.6 60.9 62.2 1.3 6.0 17.7 16.7 18.6 1.9 0.6 13.1 12.6 13.7 1.1 0.5 Template:Country data Sao Tome and Principe  Cambodia 70.1 67.2 72.7 5.5 11.4 61.5 59.8 63.0 3.2 10.1 17.7 15.9 19.1 3.2 1.9 13.2 12.0 14.1 2.1 1.4  Turkmenistan 69.7 66.5 73.0 6.5 6.4 62.1 59.9 64.3 4.4 5.5 18.7 17.1 20.1 3.0 2.4 14.7 13.6 15.6 2.0 1.8  Timor-Leste 69.6 67.9 71.4 3.5 6.9 60.9 59.8 62.0 2.2 7.8 17.9 16.9 18.9 2.0 0.0 13.2 12.5 13.8 1.3 0.7 REDIRECT Template:Country data East Timor  Tajikistan 69.5 67.6 71.5 3.9 3.9 62.0 60.9 63.2 2.3 3.7 16.1 15.1 17.2 2.1 -1.1 12.7 12.1 13.4 1.3 -0.9 Template:Country data Tajikistan  Myanmar 69.1 65.9 72.2 6.3 9.1 60.9 58.8 62.8 4.0 8.0 18.1 16.2 19.6 3.4 2.7 13.6 12.4 14.6 2.2 1.9  Rwanda 69.1 66.9 71.2 4.3 21.6 60.2 59.0 61.4 2.4 19.0 18.0 16.6 19.2 2.6 4.6 13.6 12.7 14.4 1.7 3.6  Sudan 69.1 67.6 70.8 3.2 6.6 59.9 59.6 60.3 0.7 5.6 18.6 17.8 19.4 1.6 1.3 13.6 13.3 14.0 0.7 1.0  Ethiopia 68.7 66.9 70.5 3.6 18.1 59.9 59.0 60.8 1.8 15.6 18.4 17.4 19.4 2.0 4.3 13.9 13.3 14.4 1.1 3.3  Senegal 68.6 66.8 70.1 3.3 10.0 59.4 58.8 59.9 1.1 8.6 18.1 17.2 18.9 1.7 1.5 13.1 12.6 13.5 0.9 1.1  Laos 68.5 66.2 70.9 4.7 10.1 60.5 59.2 61.9 2.7 8.7 17.6 16.3 18.9 2.6 2.3 13.3 12.5 14.0 1.5 1.7 Template:Country data Laos  Mauritania 68.4 68.1 68.7 0.6 6.4 59.8 60.2 59.4 -0.8 5.4 19.0 19.1 18.9 -0.2 1.9 14.3 14.6 14.1 -0.5 1.5  Mongolia 68.1 63.8 72.8 9.0 7.6 60.3 57.1 63.8 6.7 6.5 16.4 14.2 18.5 4.3 3.0 12.6 11.0 14.2 3.2 2.3  Fiji 68.0 65.9 70.3 4.4 2.1 59.6 58.5 60.7 2.2 1.5 16.2 14.9 17.5 2.6 1.5 11.8 11.1 12.6 1.5 0.9  Comoros 67.4 65.9 68.9 3.0 5.9 58.9 58.3 59.6 1.3 5.1 18.1 17.4 18.8 1.4 1.8 13.7 13.2 14.1 0.9 1.4 Template:Country data Comoros  Tanzania 67.3 65.4 69.3 3.9 14.8 58.5 57.6 59.3 1.7 13.1 18.2 17.1 19.1 2.0 2.2 13.4 12.7 13.9 1.2 1.7  Uganda 66.7 63.2 70.1 6.9 17.9 58.2 56.0 60.4 4.4 15.7 17.7 15.7 19.4 3.7 3.0 13.4 12.0 14.6 2.6 2.3  Yemen 66.6 64.4 68.9 4.5 3.9 57.5 56.9 58.2 1.3 3.0 17.8 16.8 18.7 1.9 1.0 13.3 12.8 13.7 0.9 0.7  Gabon 66.5 63.6 69.7 6.1 8.4 57.6 56.0 59.3 3.3 7.1 17.2 15.2 19.3 4.1 2.0 12.8 11.4 14.2 2.8 1.5  Ghana 66.3 63.7 69.2 5.5 7.1 58.0 56.5 59.6 3.1 6.1 17.2 15.7 18.9 3.2 1.2 12.9 11.9 14.0 2.1 0.9  Kenya 66.1 63.7 68.4 4.7 12.2 57.7 56.4 58.9 2.5 10.8 17.6 16.0 19.1 3.1 1.3 13.1 11.9 14.0 2.1 1.3  Djibouti 65.8 64.1 67.8 3.7 6.0 58.0 57.2 58.9 1.7 5.3 17.8 16.6 19.0 2.4 1.5 13.6 12.9 14.4 1.5 1.1 Template:Country data Djibouti  Guyana 65.7 62.5 69.4 6.9 2.7 57.2 55.1 59.7 4.6 2.2 16.6 15.1 18.1 3.0 0.7 12.5 11.5 13.6 2.1 0.4 Template:Country data Guyana  Malawi 65.6 62.3 68.9 6.6 20.9 57.1 55.1 59.0 3.9 18.0 17.2 15.1 19.0 3.9 3.2 12.8 11.3 14.0 2.7 2.5 Template:Country data Malawi  Pakistan 65.6 64.6 66.7 2.1 5.5 56.9 56.9 56.8 -0.1 4.6 17.3 16.8 17.8 1.0 1.6 12.6 12.5 12.6 0.1 1.1  Gambia 65.5 63.4 67.7 4.3 6.3 57.0 56.4 57.7 1.3 5.3 16.9 15.8 18.0 2.2 0.7 12.6 12.1 13.2 1.1 0.4 Template:Country data Gambia  Vanuatu 65.3 62.7 68.3 5.6 1.4 57.8 56.4 59.4 3.0 1.0 15.7 14.8 16.7 1.9 0.7 11.9 11.5 12.4 0.9 0.4 Template:Country data Vanuatu  Madagascar 65.3 64.1 66.6 2.5 6.5 57.3 56.9 57.7 0.8 6.0 16.8 16.1 17.3 1.2 1.4 12.6 12.3 12.9 0.6 1.1 Template:Country data Madagascar  Papua New Guinea 65.3 63.4 67.4 4.0 2.0 57.1 56.2 58.1 1.9 1.8 16.5 15.4 17.6 2.2 0.1 12.3 11.7 12.8 1.1 0.1  South Africa 65.3 62.2 68.3 6.1 9.5 56.2 54.6 57.7 3.1 7.7 19.1 17.3 20.5 3.2 2.9 13.9 12.7 14.8 2.1 2.0  Solomon Islands 65.2 62.9 67.9 5.0 2.7 57.8 56.5 59.1 2.6 2.1 15.5 14.7 16.3 1.6 1.1 11.8 11.4 12.2 0.8 0.7 Template:Country data Solomon Islands  Congo, Republic of 64.7 63.8 65.6 1.8 12.6 56.2 56.4 56.1 -0.3 10.8 16.4 15.7 17.1 1.4 2.5 12.2 11.9 12.5 0.6 1.9 Template:Country data Congo, Republic of  Namibia 64.6 60.6 68.4 7.8 11.3 56.1 53.4 58.6 5.2 9.5 17.2 14.7 19.3 4.6 2.6 12.7 10.8 14.2 3.4 1.9  Togo 64.3 61.5 67.2 5.7 8.4 56.2 54.7 57.8 3.1 7.3 17.0 15.4 18.6 3.2 1.3 12.8 11.8 13.8 2.0 1.1 Template:Country data Togo  Haiti 64.1 63.3 64.8 1.5 7.1 55.8 55.9 55.8 -0.1 5.8 16.8 16.5 17.0 0.5 1.0 12.8 12.7 12.9 0.2 0.7 Template:Country data Haiti  Eritrea 64.1 61.3 67.1 5.8 9.6 55.7 53.9 57.7 3.8 8.7 15.5 14.1 16.8 2.7 2.0 11.4 10.4 12.4 2.0 1.5 Template:Country data Eritrea  Liberia 64.1 63.2 65.0 1.8 10.3 54.9 54.9 55.0 0.1 9.1 17.7 17.4 18.0 0.6 1.9 12.9 12.8 12.9 0.1 1.5 Template:Country data Liberia  Burundi 63.8 61.5 66.1 4.6 20.0 55.6 54.0 57.2 3.2 17.5 16.5 15.2 17.6 2.4 3.5 12.7 11.8 13.5 1.7 2.8 Template:Country data Burundi  Benin 63.4 61.2 65.7 4.5 6.8 55.5 54.5 56.6 2.1 5.9 17.4 16.1 18.5 2.4 1.3 13.0 12.3 13.7 1.4 0.9 Template:Country data Benin  Niger 63.3 62.1 64.6 2.5 12.9 55.5 55.3 55.8 0.5 11.3 17.2 16.6 17.8 1.2 1.4 13.0 12.7 13.3 0.6 1.0  Afghanistan 63.2 63.3 63.2 -0.1 8.2 53.9 54.7 53.2 -1.5 7.1 15.2 15.4 15.1 -0.3 1.3 10.8 11.2 10.6 -0.6 0.6  Angola 63.1 60.7 65.5 4.8 13.8 54.8 53.6 56.2 2.6 11.9 17.0 15.4 18.6 3.2 2.6 12.6 11.6 13.7 2.1 1.9  Federated States of Micronesia 63.0 60.3 66.0 5.7 1.8 56.0 54.4 57.8 3.4 1.5 14.7 13.8 15.6 1.8 0.1 11.1 10.7 11.6 0.9 -0.1 Template:Country data Federated States of Micronesia  Côte d'Ivoire 62.9 60.5 65.8 5.3 12.6 54.8 53.4 56.5 3.1 10.8 17.1 15.8 18.7 2.9 2.6 12.7 11.9 13.7 1.8 2.0  Mali 62.8 62.2 63.4 1.2 10.2 54.6 54.8 54.5 -0.3 9.0 17.5 17.3 17.6 0.3 1.5 12.8 12.9 12.7 -0.2 1.1  South Sudan 62.8 60.8 64.8 4.0 8.7 53.7 52.9 54.5 1.6 7.3 17.8 16.6 18.9 2.3 1.5 12.7 12.2 13.1 0.9 1.1 Template:Country data South Sudan  Burkina Faso 62.7 60.1 65.2 5.1 11.1 54.9 53.4 56.3 2.9 10.0 16.8 15.2 18.1 2.9 1.3 12.6 11.6 13.4 1.8 1.1  Nigeria 62.6 61.2 64.1 2.9 9.0 54.4 53.9 54.9 1.0 7.9 18.2 17.6 18.9 1.3 2.0 13.5 13.3 13.8 0.5 1.5  Zambia 62.5 59.5 65.4 5.9 18.0 54.4 52.5 56.3 3.8 15.4 16.5 14.7 18.0 3.3 3.3 12.6 11.3 13.7 2.4 2.6  Cameroon 62.4 60.3 64.5 4.2 9.6 54.5 53.5 55.6 2.1 8.4 17.1 15.8 18.3 2.5 2.0 12.8 12.0 13.5 1.5 1.7 Template:Country data Cameroon  Congo, Democratic Republic of 62.4 60.0 64.8 4.8 10.0 54.1 52.8 55.4 2.6 8.8 16.6 15.4 17.9 2.5 1.7 12.5 11.7 13.4 1.7 1.3 Template:Country data Congo, Democratic Republic of  Equatorial Guinea 62.2 60.9 63.6 2.7 7.9 53.9 53.4 54.1 0.7 7.1 17.6 16.5 18.8 2.3 2.1 12.9 12.3 13.6 1.3 1.7  Botswana 62.2 58.9 65.5 6.6 16.6 53.9 51.9 55.8 3.9 13.8 16.2 14.2 18.0 3.8 3.3 11.8 10.3 13.1 2.8 2.4 Template:Country data Botswana  Guinea 61.0 59.5 62.3 2.8 6.7 53.3 52.9 53.7 0.8 5.8 16.5 15.6 17.2 1.6 0.8 12.3 11.8 12.6 0.8 0.6 Template:Country data Guinea  Sierra Leone 60.8 59.6 61.9 2.3 12.1 52.9 52.5 53.3 0.8 10.7 17.0 16.4 17.4 1.0 1.6 12.6 12.4 12.8 0.4 1.3 Template:Country data Sierra Leone  Zimbabwe 60.7 57.5 63.6 6.1 14.1 53.1 51.2 54.8 3.6 12.1 15.6 13.6 17.0 3.4 1.2 11.5 10.2 12.4 2.2 0.9 Template:Country data Zimbabwe  Guinea-Bissau 60.2 57.4 63.0 5.6 9.9 52.6 51.1 54.1 3.0 8.6 15.5 13.9 16.7 2.8 1.7 11.4 10.5 12.1 1.6 1.3 Template:Country data Guinea-Bissau  Chad 59.6 58.0 61.3 3.3 8.5 52.0 51.3 52.8 1.5 7.3 16.5 15.7 17.3 1.6 1.6 12.3 11.8 12.7 0.9 1.2 Template:Country data Chad  Kiribati 59.4 56.1 62.8 6.7 3.7 52.6 50.5 54.9 4.4 3.0 13.7 12.5 14.6 2.1 1.1 10.3 9.5 11.0 1.5 0.7 Template:Country data Kiribati  Mozambique 58.1 54.5 61.7 7.2 7.4 50.4 47.9 52.8 4.9 6.8 15.8 13.3 17.8 4.5 0.6 11.6 9.8 13.0 3.2 0.6  Eswatini 57.7 53.4 63.2 9.8 10.7 50.1 47.1 53.8 6.7 8.8 15.1 12.4 17.7 5.3 1.5 11.0 9.0 12.9 3.9 1.1 Template:Country data Eswatini  Somalia 56.5 54.0 59.2 5.2 6.6 49.7 48.3 51.3 3.0 5.7 14.5 13.2 16.0 2.8 1.4 11.2 10.3 12.2 1.9 1.1  Central African Republic 53.1 50.2 56.3 6.1 8.8 46.4 44.5 48.4 3.9 7.7 13.2 11.3 14.9 3.6 1.4 10.0 8.6 11.1 2.5 1.1 Template:Country data Central African Republic  Lesotho 50.7 47.7 54.2 6.5 2.9 44.2 42.3 46.4 4.1 2.2 13.4 11.2 15.2 4.0 -0.5 9.8 8.3 11.0 2.7 -0.5

United Nations Development Programme (2019)

Map of the life expectancy at birth in 2019 in the world (2020 report).

≥ 82.5   80.0 – 82.4   77.5 – 79.9   75.0 – 77.4   72.5 – 74.9   70.0 – 72.4   67.5 – 69.9

65.0 – 67.4   62.5 – 64.9   60.0 – 62.4   55.0 – 59.9   < 55.0   No data

Countries and regions by life expectancy at birth in 2019 (2020 report)

Countries and regions	Life expectancy at birth
	All	M	F	Gender life gap
Hong Kong	84.9	82.0	87.7	5.7
Japan	84.6	81.5	87.7	6.2
Italy	84.0	81.9	86.1	4.2
Switzerland	83.8	81.9	85.6	3.7
Singapore	83.6	81.5	85.7	4.2
Spain	83.5	80.8	86.2	5.4
Australia	83.4	81.5	85.4	3.9
Iceland	83.0	81.5	84.5	3.0
Israel	83.0	81.3	84.5	3.2
South Korea	83.0	79.9	86.0	6.1
Sweden	82.8	81.0	84.6	3.6
France	82.7	79.7	85.5	5.8
Malta	82.5	80.7	84.3	3.6
Norway	82.4	80.4	84.4	4.0
Canada	82.4	80.4	84.4	4.0
Ireland	82.3	80.7	83.9	3.3
Netherlands	82.3	80.6	84.0	3.4
New Zealand	82.3	80.6	84.0	3.5
Luxembourg	82.3	80.2	84.3	4.2
Greece	82.2	79.8	84.7	4.9
Portugal	82.1	79.0	84.9	5.9
Finland	81.9	79.1	84.7	5.7
Andorra	81.9
Belgium	81.6	79.3	83.9	4.7
Austria	81.5	79.2	83.9	4.8
Germany	81.3	78.9	83.7	4.8
United Kingdom	81.3	79.6	83.0	3.5
Slovenia	81.3	78.6	84.0	5.5
Cyprus	81.0	78.9	83.0	4.2
Denmark	80.9	78.9	82.9	5.0
Liechtenstein	80.7
Costa Rica	80.3	77.7	82.9	5.2
Chile	80.2	77.8	82.4	4.8
Qatar	80.2	79.1	82.0	4.8
Czech Republic	79.4	76.8	81.9	5.2
Barbados	79.2	77.8	80.5	2.7
Croatia	79.1	76.6	81.6	5.0
Lebanon	78.9	77.1	80.9	3.7
Maldives	78.9	77.5	80.8	3.7
Estonia	78.8	74.4	82.7	8.4
Cuba	78.8	76.8	80.8	3.9
Poland	78.7	74.8	82.6	7.8
Albania	78.6	77.0	80.2	7.8
USA	78.5	75.3	81.6	6.4
Panama	78.5	75.4	81.8	6.4
Dominica	78.2
United Arab Emirates	78.0	77.3	79.3	2.1
Uruguay	77.9	74.1	81.5	7.4
Oman	77.9	76.1	80.3	4.2
Turkey	77.7	74.7	80.6	5.4
Slovakia	77.5	74.0	81.0	7.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	77.4	74.9	79.9	4.9
Bahrain	77.3	76.4	78.4	2.0
Colombia	77.3	74.5	80.0	5.6
Brazil	77.2	73.6	80.8	7.1
Thailand	77.0	73.2	80.8	7.5
Sri Lanka	77.0	73.6	80.3	6.7
Antigua and Barbuda	77.0	75.9	78.1	2.3
Ecuador	77.0	74.3	79.8	5.5
Hungary	76.9	73.2	80.3	7.0
Montenegro	76.9	74.4	79.3	4.9
China	76.9	74.8	79.2	4.4
Algeria	76.9	75.7	78.1	2.4
Argentina	76.7	73.2	80.0	6.8
Iran	76.7	75.6	77.9	2.3
Peru	76.7	74.1	79.5	5.5
Tunisia	76.7	74.7	78.7	4.0
Morocco	76.7	75.4	77.9	2.5
Malaysia	76.2	74.2	78.3	4.1
Saint Lucia	76.2	74.9	77.6	2.7
Romania	76.1	72.6	79.5	6.9
Serbia	76.0	73.4	78.6	5.2
Lithuania	75.9	70.3	81.4	11.1
Brunei	75.9	74.7	77.1	2.4
North Macedonia	75.8	73.8	77.8	4.0
Latin America and the Caribbean	75.6	72.4	78.7	6.3
Kuwait	75.5	74.8	76.6	1.8
Vietnam	75.4	71.3	79.5	8.2
East Asia and the Pacific	75.4	73.1	78.0	4.9
Latvia	75.3	70.2	80.0	9.8
Honduras	75.3	73.0	77.6	4.6
Saudi Arabia	75.1	73.9	76.8	2.8
Bulgaria	75.1	71.5	78.7	7.1
Mexico	75.1	72.2	77.9	5.7
Armenia	75.1	71.3	78.5	7.2
Mauritius	75.0	71.7	78.5	6.9
Belarus	74.8	69.7	79.6	9.9
Saint Kitts and Nevis	74.8
Belize	74.6	71.7	77.8	6.1
Jamaica	74.5	72.9	76.1	3.2
Jordan	74.5	72.8	76.3	3.5
Nicaragua	74.5	70.9	78.0	7.1
Europe and Central Asia	74.4	71.1	77.7	6.7
Paraguay	74.3	72.3	76.4	4.1
Guatemala	74.3	72.2	77.2	4.1
Dominican Republic	74.1	71.0	77.4	6.4
Palestine	74.1	72.4	75.8	3.3
Marshall Islands	74.1
Palau	73.9
Bahamas	73.9	71.7	76.1	4.4
Georgia	73.8	69.3	78.1	8.8
Kazakhstan	73.6	69.2	77.7	5.3
Trinidad and Tobago	73.6	70.9	76.2	8.5
Seychelles	73.4	69.9	77.4	7.5
Samoa	73.3	71.3	75.5	4.1
El Salvador	73.3	68.5	77.8	9.4
Azerbaijan	73.0	70.5	75.5	5.0
Cabo Verde	73.0	69.5	76.2	6.7
Solomon Islands	73.0	71.3	74.9	3.5
Libya	72.9	72.1	76.0	5.9
World	72.8	70.6	75.0	4.5
Syria	72.7	67.9	78.1	10.2
Russia	72.9	67.6	78.2	10.6
Bangladesh	72.6	70.9	74.6	3.7
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	72.5	70.3	75.1	4.8
Grenada	72.4	70.1	75.0	4.8
Ukraine	72.1	71.1	76.8	9.7
Arab States	72.1	70.4	73.9	3.6
Venezuela	72.1	68.3	76.0	7.7
Egypt	72.0	69.7	74.3	4.6
Moldova	71.9	67.6	76.2	8.6
Bhutan	71.8	71.4	72.2	0.8
Suriname	71.8	68.5	75.1	6.6
Uzbekistan	71.7	70.6	73.8	4.3
Indonesia	71.7	71.6	75.0	4.3
Bolivia	71.5	68.7	74.5	5.8
Kyrgyzstan	71.5	69.4	75.6	8.2
Philippines	71.2	70.3	75.5	8.3
Tajikistan	71.1	68.9	73.4	4.5
Tonga	70.9	69.0	72.9	3.9
Nepal	70.8	69.3	72.2	2.9
Iraq	70.7	70.6	72.7	4.1
Vanuatu	70.5	69.0	72.2	3.2
Sao Tome and Principe	70.4	68.0	72.8	4.8
Mongolia	70.3	70	74.1	8.4
South Asia	69.9	68.7	71.3	2.6
Guyana	69.9	66.9	73.1	6.2
Cambodia	69.8	67.5	71.9	4.3
India	69.7	68.5	71.0	2.5
Botswana	69.6	69.5	72.4	5.8
Timor Leste	69.5	67.5	71.6	4.1
Rwanda	69.0	66.8	71.1	4.3
Kiribati	68.4	64.2	72.3	8.0
Turkmenistan	68.4	67.7	71.7	7.0
Federated States of Micronesia	67.9	66.2	69.6	3.4
Laos	67.9	66.1	69.7	3.6
Senegal	67.9	65.8	69.9	4.1
Fiji	67.4	65.7	69.3	3.6
Pakistan	67.4	66.4	68.4	1.9
Myanmar	67.1	65.1	70.1	6.1
Djibouti	67.1	65.1	69.4	4.2
Madagascar	67.0	65.4	68.7	3.2
Kenya	67.0	66.9	69.0	4.7
Ethiopia	66.6	65.0	68.5	3.8
Gabon	66.5	65.4	68.7	4.7
Eritrea	66.3	64.2	68.6	4.4
Yemen	66.1	63.4	67.5	3.4
Tanzania	65.5	63.6	67.2	3.6
Sudan	65.5	65.5	67.2	3.6
Mauritania	65.0	65.0	66.5	3.2
Afghanistan	64.8	62.7	64.9	3.0
Congo, Republic of	64.6	63.1	66.0	2.9
Papua New Guinea	64.5	63.3	65.8	2.6
Comoros	64.3	62.6	66.1	3.5
Malawi	64.3	61.1	67.4	6.2
South Africa	64.1	60.7	67.7	6.9
Ghana	64.1	63.0	65.2	2.2
Liberia	64.1	62.7	65.5	2.8
Haiti	64.0	61.8	66.2	4.3
Zambia	63.9	60.8	66.9	5.9
Namibia	63.7	60.7	66.5	5.8
Uganda	63.4	61.0	65.6	4.5
Niger	62.4	61.3	63.6	2.3
Gambia	62.1	60.7	63.5	2.8
Benin	61.8	60.2	63.3	3.1
Guinea	61.6	60.9	62.1	1.2
Burkina Faso	61.6	60.7	62.3	1.5
Burundi	61.6	59.8	63.4	3.6
Zimbabwe	61.5	59.8	62.9	3.1
Sub-Saharan Africa	61.5	59.8	63.3	3.1
Angola	61.2	58.4	64.0	5.6
Togo	61.0	60.2	61.9	1.7
Mozambique	60.9	57.8	63.7	5.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	60.7	59.1	62.2	3.0
Eswatini	60.2	56.0	64.8	8.7
Cameroon	59.3	58.0	60.6	2.5
Mali	59.3	58.5	60.1	1.5
Equatorial Guinea	58.7	57.7	59.9	2.2
Guinea-Bissau	58.3	56.3	60.2	3.9
South Sudan	57.9	56.4	59.4	3.0
Côte d'Ivoire	57.8	56.6	59.1	2.4
Nigeria	54.7	53.8	55.6	1.7
Sierra Leone	54.7	53.9	55.5	1.6
Lesotho	54.3	51.2	57.6	6.4
Chad	54.2	52.8	55.7	2.8
Central African Republic	53.3	51.1	55.5	4.4

CIA World Factbook (2022)

2016 life expectancy estimates by the CIA World Factbook

> 80   > 77.5

> 75   > 72.5

> 70   > 67.5

> 65   > 60

> 55   > 50

The US CIA published the following life expectancy data in its World Factbook.

Country	M (2017)	F (2017)	All (2022)
Monaco	85.6	93.5	89.5
Japan	81.9	88.8	84.8
Singapore	82.6	88.1	86.4
Macau	81.6	87.7	85.0
San Marino	80.8	86.1	83.9
Iceland	80.9	85.4	83.6
Hong Kong	80.4	85.9	83.6
Andorra	80.7	85.2	83.4
Guernsey	79.9	85.4	83.2
Switzerland	80.3	85.1	83.2
Israel	80.7	84.5	83.4
South Korea	79.3	85.8	83.0
Luxembourg	79.9	84.9	83.0
Australia	79.8	84.9	83.1
Italy	79.6	85.1	82.6
Sweden	80.2	84.2	82.7
Canada	79.3	84.7	83.8
Jersey	79.5	84.6	82.6
Liechtenstein	79.7	84.7	82.6
France (metropolitan)	78.8	85.2	82.6
Norway	79.8	84.0	82.6
Spain	78.8	84.9	82.6
Austria	78.9	84.4	82.3
Anguilla	78.9	84.2	82.2
Bermuda	78.2	84.6	82.0
Netherlands	79.3	83.7	82.2
Cayman Islands	78.6	84.1	82.0
Isle of Man	79.6	83.2	82.0
New Zealand	79.1	83.5	82.5
Belgium	78.5	83.8	81.9
Finland	78.0	84.1	81.8
Ireland	78.6	83.4	81.7
Puerto Rico	77.6	84.4	81.7
Germany	78.5	83.3	81.5
United Kingdom	78.6	83.1	81.9
Greece	78.0	83.4	81.5
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	78.3	83.1	81.4
Faroe Islands	78.0	83.2	81.2
Malta	78.1	83.0	83.2
European Union	77.4	83.2	N/A
Taiwan	77.1	83.6	81.2
Turks and Caicos Islands	77.2	82.9	80.8
Qatar	77.7	82.2	79.8
Wallis and Futuna	76.8	83.0	80.7
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	76.7	82.7	80.5
Gibraltar	76.7	82.6	80.4
Denmark	77.1	82.1	81.7
Portugal	76.2	82.9	81.5
U.S. Virgin Islands	76.2	82.8	80.3
Bahrain	76.8	81.3	79.9
Chile	75.9	82.1	79.8
Cuba	76.5	81.3	79.6
Cyprus	76.0	81.8	79.7
U.S.	76.8	81.0	78.6
British Virgin Islands	77.4	80.3	79.7
Panama	76.0	81.7	77.6
Czech Republic	75.8	81.9	79.7
Costa Rica	76.1	81.5	79.6
Albania	75.8	81.4	79.5
Curacao	76.2	80.9	79.4
Slovenia	74.8	82.2	81.8
Dominican Republic	76.0	80.6	72.6
Sint Maarten	76.0	80.8	79.3
Kuwait	76.8	79.6	79.1
New Caledonia	73.9	82.0	78.8
Saint Lucia	75.2	80.8	79.0
Lebanon	76.5	79.1	78.8
Poland	73.9	81.8	78.8
United Arab Emirates	75.0	80.4	79.6
French Polynesia	75.1	79.8	78.4
Paraguay	74.7	80.2	78.4
Uruguay	74.2	80.6	78.4
Brunei	75.0	79.8	78.4
Argentina	74.2	80.6	78.3
Slovakia	73.7	81.1	78.3
Dominica	74.2	80.3	78.2
Morocco	74.0	80.3	73.7
Algeria	75.6	78.4	78.0
Ecuador	74.0	80.1	78.0
Aruba	73.9	80.1	78.0
Sri Lanka	73.5	80.6	78.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	73.9	80.2	78.0
Estonia	72.1	81.9	77.9
People's Republic of China	74.6	79.0	77.7
Antigua and Barbuda	74.6	79.0	77.8
Libya	74.9	78.5	77.2
Georgia	72.3	80.7	77.5
North Macedonia	73.8	79.2	76.8
Tonga	74.9	78.1	77.5
Croatia	72.9	79.4	77.2
Hungary	72.4	80.0	77.2
Mexico	73.3	79.0	72.3
Venezuela	73.0	79.1	73.3
Cook Islands	73.2	79.0	77.1
Guam	73.6	78.6	77.5
Colombia	72.8	79.3	74.9
Saint Kitts and Nevis	73.5	78.4	77.1
Maldives	73.5	78.3	76.9
Mauritius	72.4	79.5	74.9
Oman	73.7	77.7	76.9
Serbia	72.8	78.8	74.2
Tunisia	74.1	77.4	76.8
Solomon Islands	72.9	78.3	76.7
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	N/A	N/A	76.7
Barbados	73.2	77.9	78.6
Saudi Arabia	73.4	77.7	76.7
Northern Mariana Islands	73.4	77.8	76.6
Romania	71.9	79.0	75.6
Malaysia	72.4	78.2	76.1
West Bank	73.2	77.4	76.4
Syria	72.7	77.6	74.3
Lithuania	69.7	80.7	75.8
Turkey	72.7	77.5	76.2
Iraq	72.6	77.2	73.2
El Salvador	71.6	78.3	75.4
Seychelles	70.4	79.6	76.1
Thailand	71.7	78.3	77.7
Armenia	71.6	78.5	76.1
Jordan	73.4	76.3	76.0
Bulgaria	71.4	78.2	75.6
Latvia	70.1	79.5	75.9
Montserrat	75.9	73.2	75.7
Grenada	71.9	77.4	75.7
Gaza Strip	72.5	75.9	75.4
Samoa	71.1	77.0	75.2
Brazil	70.5	77.7	75.9
Uzbekistan	71.0	77.3	75.3
Peru	71.9	76.1	68.9
Iran	72.7	75.5	75.3
Jamaica	72.1	75.4	75.8
Vanuatu	72.1	75.4	75.1
Vietnam	71.2	76.4	75.5
Bangladesh	71.3	75.6	74.7
Nicaragua	71.3	75.8	74.8
American Samoa	71.3	75.6	75.3
Marshall Islands	71.2	75.7	74.7
Palau	70.2	76.8	74.6
Federated States of Micronesia	71.1	75.3	74.4
Trinidad and Tobago	70.2	76.2	75.9
Belarus	67.5	78.8	74.3
Egypt	71.6	74.4	74.5
Fiji	70.3	75.8	74.3
Indonesia	70.4	75.7	73.1
Azerbaijan	69.7	76.1	74.2
Greenland	69.9	75.5	74.0
The Bahamas	70.2	75.1	76.1
Guatemala	70.6	74.7	72.9
Suriname	70.1	75.1	72.4
Cabo Verde	70.1	74.8	73.8
Ukraine	67.4	77.1	73.5
Honduras	69.5	72.9	75.2
Kazakhstan	65.9	76.0	72.5
Moldova	67.1	75.1	72.4
Nepal	70.4	71.6	72.4
Russia	65.3	77.1	72.4
Kyrgyzstan	66.8	75.4	72.4
North Korea	66.9	74.8	71.8
Bhutan	69.6	71.7	72.3
Turkmenistan	67.4	73.6	71.8
Mongolia	65.7	74.4	71.4
Bolivia	66.7	72.4	72.5
Philippines	65.9	73.1	70.1
Belize	67.3	70.6	75.8
India	67.6	70.1	67.2
Guyana	65.6	71.8	71.9
Timor-Leste	66.8	70.1	69.9
Burma	66.6	69.9	69.9
Pakistan	66.1	70.1	69.7
Tajikistan	64.9	71.4	69.4
Nauru	63.3	70.9	67.9
Papua New Guinea	65.1	69.7	69.4
Ghana	64.5	69.6	69.4
Tuvalu	64.7	69.2	68.4
Kiribati	64.0	69.1	67.9
Madagascar	64.7	67.8	68.2
Yemen	63.7	68.2	67.5
Togo	62.8	68.1	71.4
São Tomé and Príncipe	63.9	66.7	67.1
Eritrea	62.7	67.8	66.9
The Gambia	62.8	67.5	67.6
Cambodia	62.4	67.5	70.7
Laos	62.6	66.7	68.2
Comoros	62.3	67.0	67.2
Equatorial Guinea	63.4	65.8	63.7
Sudan	62.3	66.7	67.1
Kenya	62.8	65.8	69.7
Rwanda	62.3	66.3	65.9
Haiti	61.6	66.8	66.0
Namibia	62.4	65.6	66.5
South Africa	62.4	65.3	65.3
Djibouti	61.0	66.2	65.3
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	61.1	65.8	N/A
Mauritania	61.1	65.8	65.2
Botswana	61.2	65.5	65.6
Liberia	61.2	65.5	65.5
Ethiopia	60.1	64.7	68.3
Tanzania	61.2	64.1	70.2
Benin	60.9	63.8	62.2
Senegal	60.0	64.3	70.0
Malawi	59.7	63.8	72.4
Guinea	59.5	62.6	63.9
Burundi	59.2	62.7	67.4
Zimbabwe	58.3	62.5	63.3
Mali	58.2	62.5	62.4
Angola	58.2	62.3	62.1
Republic of the Congo	58.6	61.1	62.1
Côte d'Ivoire	57.8	60.2	62.3
Cameroon	57.6	59.9	63.3
Sierra Leone	56.0	61.3	58.8
Democratic Republic of the Congo	56.1	59.3	61.8
Burkina Faso	53.8	58.0	63.4
Niger	54.7	57.3	60.1
Uganda	54.4	57.3	69.0
Nigeria	52.8	55.0	61.3
Mozambique	52.9	54.5	57.1
Lesotho	53.0	53.1	59.6
Somalia	50.7	54.9	55.7
Central African Republic	51.4	54.2	55.5
Zambia	51.1	54.4	66.3
Gabon	51.7	52.5	69.7
Eswatini (Swaziland)	52.7	51.5	59.7
Afghanistan	50.3	53.2	53.7
Guinea-Bissau	48.9	53.1	63.7
Chad	49.4	51.9	59.2
World	69.0	67.0	N/A

OECD (2019–2020)

Life expectancy at birth (years), OECD (2019–2020)

Country	M	F	All	Gender Gap	Data year
Japan	81.6	87.7	84.7	6.1	2020
South Korea	80.3	86.3	83.3	6.0	2019
Norway	81.6	84.9	83.3	3.3	2020
Switzerland	81.1	85.2	83.2	4.1	2020
Iceland	81.7	84.5	83.1	2.8	2020
Australia	80.9	85.0	83.0	4.1	2019
Ireland	80.8	84.7	82.8	3.9	2019
Israel	80.7	84.8	82.8	4.1	2020
Sweden	80.7	84.2	82.5	3.5	2020
Italy	80.1	84.7	82.4	4.6	2020
Spain	79.7	85.1	82.4	5.4	2020
France	79.2	85.3	82.3	6.1	2020
Finland	79.4	85.0	82.2	5.6	2020
New Zealand	80.3	83.9	82.1	3.6	2019
Luxembourg	79.4	84.2	81.8	4.8	2020
Canada	80.0	84.2	81.7	4.2	2020
Denmark	79.6	83.6	81.6	4.0	2020
Netherlands	79.8	83.1	81.5	3.3	2020
Austria	78.9	83.6	81.3	4.7	2020
Greece	78.6	83.7	81.2	5.1	2020
Germany	79.0	83.7	81.1	4.7	2020
Portugal	78.0	84.1	81.1	6.1	2020
Belgium	78.6	83.1	80.9	4.5	2020
Costa Rica	78.1	83.2	80.7	5.1	2020
Chile	77.9	83.4	80.6	5.5	2019
Slovenia	77.8	83.4	80.6	5.6	2020
United Kingdom	78.4	82.4	80.4	6.0	2020
Turkey	75.9	81.3	78.6	5.4	2019
Estonia	74.2	82.7	78.5	8.5	2020
Czech Republic	75.3	81.3	78.3	6.0	2020
United States	75.5	80.2	77.3	4.7	2020
China	74.8	79.2	77.0	4.4	2019
Slovakia	73.5	80.4	77.0	6.9	2020
Colombia	73.6	80.0	76.8	6.4	2020
Poland	72.6	80.8	76.7	8.2	2020
Brazil	72.2	79.6	75.9	7.4	2019
Hungary	72.3	79.1	75.7	6.8	2020
Latvia	70.9	80.1	75.5	9.2	2020
Lithuania	70.1	80.0	75.1	9.9	2020
Mexico	72.2	78.0	75.1	5.8	2019
Russia	68.2	78.2	73.2	10.0	2019
Indonesia	69.6	74.0	71.8	4.4	2019
India	68.5	71.0	69.7	2.5	2019
South Africa	60.7	67.7	64.2	7.0	2019

World Bank Group (2019)

Data of the World Bank Group for 2019.

Life expectancy in USA, China and Russia, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some European countries, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some European countries, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some European countries (continue), 1960–2020

Life expectancy in Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some Asian countries, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some countries of South-East Asia and Oceania, 1960–2020

Life expectancy at birth in some countries of the Near East, 1960—2020

Life expectancy in some North American countries, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some South American countries, 1960–2020

Life expectancy in some African countries, 1960–2020

Countries	all	male	female	gender gap	Δ 2014	Δ 2000
Japan	84.36	81.41	87.45	6.04	0.77	3.28
Liechtenstein	84.16	82.60	85.80	3.20	2.09	7.33
Switzerland	83.90	82.10	85.80	3.70	0.71	4.22
Spain	83.83	81.10	86.70	5.60	0.60	4.87
Singapore	83.60	81.40	85.90	4.50	1.10	5.64
Italy	83.50	81.40	85.70	4.30	0.41	3.72
South Korea	83.23	80.30	86.30	6.00	1.50	7.32
Iceland	83.16	81.70	84.70	3.00	0.30	3.51
Sweden	83.11	81.50	84.80	3.30	0.86	3.47
Norway	82.96	81.30	84.70	3.40	0.86	4.32
Australia	82.90	80.90	85.00	4.10	0.60	3.67
Malta	82.86	81.20	84.60	3.40	0.81	4.51
France	82.83	79.90	85.90	6.00	0.11	3.77
Israel	82.80	81.00	84.70	3.70	0.65	3.85
Ireland	82.70	80.80	84.70	3.90	1.35	6.17
Luxembourg	82.64	80.20	85.20	5.00	0.41	4.77
Netherlands	82.11	80.60	83.70	3.10	0.40	4.12
Canada	82.05	80.00	84.20	4.20	0.25	2.91
Belgium	82.00	79.80	84.30	4.50	0.71	4.27
Finland	81.98	79.30	84.80	5.50	0.80	4.52
Austria	81.90	79.70	84.20	4.50	0.40	3.77
Bermuda	81.87	78.13	85.79	7.66	1.07	3.98
New Zealand	81.71	80.00	83.50	3.50	0.30	3.07
Portugal	81.68	78.70	84.80	6.10	0.55	5.36
Greece	81.64	79.20	84.20	5.00	0.25	3.75
Slovenia	81.53	78.70	84.50	5.80	0.45	6.12
Denmark	81.45	79.50	83.50	4.00	0.75	4.86
Germany	81.29	79.00	83.70	4.70	0.20	3.37
United Kingdom	81.20	79.40	83.10	3.70	-0.10	3.46
Cyprus	80.98	78.92	83.03	4.11	0.80	2.97
Costa Rica	80.28	77.74	82.89	5.15	0.88	2.83
Qatar	80.23	79.14	82.01	2.87	0.58	2.76
Chile	80.18	77.77	82.44	4.67	0.68	3.81
Guam	80.07	76.83	83.55	6.72	1.18	5.06
Puerto Rico	79.93	76.53	83.50	6.97	0.73	3.24
Czechia	79.23	76.40	82.20	5.80	0.40	4.26
Barbados	79.19	77.81	80.48	2.67	0.47	2.03
Lebanon	78.93	77.14	80.87	3.73	0.20	4.42
Maldives	78.92	77.52	80.78	3.26	1.56	8.75
Cuba	78.80	76.84	80.78	3.94	0.28	2.10
USA	78.79	76.30	81.40	5.10	-0.05	2.15
Estonia	78.65	74.50	83.00	8.50	1.61	8.23
Albania	78.57	77.00	80.20	3.20	0.76	4.62
Panama	78.51	75.42	81.76	6.33	0.92	3.45
Croatia	78.42	75.40	81.60	6.20	0.95	5.62
United Arab Emirates	77.97	77.29	79.31	2.02	0.88	3.64
Uruguay	77.91	74.12	81.48	7.36	0.67	3.18
Poland	77.90	74.10	81.90	7.80	0.30	4.16
Oman	77.86	76.13	80.34	4.22	1.23	5.73
Turkey	77.69	74.72	80.56	5.84	1.52	7.69
Slovakia	77.67	74.30	81.20	6.90	0.85	4.61
French Polynesia	77.66	75.61	79.90	4.29	1.11	5.35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	77.40	74.89	79.86	4.96	0.68	3.00
Bahrain	77.29	76.44	78.42	1.99	0.67	2.85
Colombia	77.29	74.53	80.02	5.49	0.97	4.34
Thailand	77.15	73.46	80.90	7.44	1.40	6.53
Antigua and Barbuda	77.02	75.86	78.10	2.25	0.67	3.08
Ecuador	77.01	74.28	79.84	5.56	1.09	4.25
Sri Lanka	76.98	73.60	80.26	6.66	0.83	5.64
China	76.91	74.76	79.24	4.48	1.28	5.52
Algeria	76.88	75.68	78.13	2.46	1.00	6.24
Peru	76.74	74.06	79.51	5.45	1.21	5.62
Tunisia	76.70	74.69	78.72	4.03	0.97	3.53
Montenegro	76.68	74.00	79.50	5.50	0.24	3.50
Morocco	76.68	75.42	77.89	2.47	1.20	8.00
Iran	76.68	75.59	77.89	2.29	1.18	6.50
Argentina	76.67	73.24	80.00	6.75	0.75	3.09
North Macedonia	76.60	74.70	78.60	3.90	1.15	3.66
Hungary	76.32	73.10	79.70	6.60	0.56	5.07
Aruba	76.29	73.77	78.64	4.87	0.71	2.51
Lithuania	76.28	71.60	81.20	9.60	1.77	4.26
St. Lucia	76.20	74.85	77.58	2.73	0.76	2.88
Malaysia	76.16	74.23	78.32	4.08	0.89	3.56
Serbia	75.94	73.40	78.60	5.20	0.60	4.35
Brazil	75.88	72.24	79.56	7.31	1.14	5.77
Brunei	75.86	74.73	77.11	2.38	0.67	3.05
Romania	75.61	71.90	79.50	7.60	0.70	4.44
Kuwait	75.49	74.76	76.58	1.82	0.47	2.35
Vietnam	75.40	71.30	79.52	8.22	0.34	2.38
Latvia	75.39	70.90	80.10	9.20	1.26	5.07
Honduras	75.27	72.96	77.55	4.59	0.99	4.58
Saudi Arabia	75.13	73.94	76.76	2.82	0.60	2.57
Bulgaria	75.11	71.60	78.80	7.20	0.65	3.45
Armenia	75.09	71.33	78.52	7.19	0.81	3.68
Mexico	75.05	72.20	77.88	5.68	0.15	0.71
Belize	74.62	71.65	77.84	6.19	0.84	5.78
Jordan	74.53	72.84	76.31	3.47	0.56	2.80
Nicaragua	74.48	70.94	77.98	7.04	1.06	4.96
Jamaica	74.47	72.87	76.12	3.25	0.43	0.33
Guatemala	74.30	71.38	77.15	5.77	1.37	6.45
Paraguay	74.25	72.26	76.40	4.13	0.78	3.71
Mauritius	74.24	71.07	77.56	6.49	0.04	2.57
Belarus	74.23	69.30	79.40	10.10	1.26	5.31
Dominican Republic	74.08	70.99	77.38	6.39	1.08	4.65
Seychelles	74.05	69.90	78.40	8.50	0.82	1.27
Bahamas	73.92	71.66	76.08	4.42	1.07	2.00
Georgia	73.77	69.35	78.14	8.79	1.06	3.86
Caribbean small states	73.75	71.55	76.03	4.48	0.60	2.34
Trinidad and Tobago	73.51	70.87	76.22	5.35	0.74	4.09
Samoa	73.32	71.32	75.46	4.14	0.77	4.57
El Salvador	73.32	68.45	77.84	9.39	1.14	4.44
Kazakhstan	73.18	68.82	77.30	8.48	1.74	7.73
Russia	73.08	68.24	78.17	9.93	2.34	7.60
Azerbaijan	73.00	70.51	75.45	4.94	0.98	6.24
Solomon Islands	73.00	71.30	74.87	3.57	1.10	5.55
Cabo Verde	72.98	69.53	76.20	6.67	1.09	4.40
Libya	72.91	70.10	75.95	5.85	0.93	2.06
World	72.76	70.60	75.07	4.47	1.02	5.21
Syria	72.70	67.94	78.10	10.16	2.88	-0.41
Bangladesh	72.59	70.88	74.59	3.72	1.36	7.14
St. Vincent and the Grenadines	72.53	70.29	75.13	4.84	0.52	1.73
Grenada	72.40	70.07	74.95	4.88	-0.11	-0.25
North Korea	72.27	68.61	75.74	7.13	1.08	7.01
Venezuela	72.06	68.33	76.00	7.68	-0.70	-0.05
Greenland	72.05	70.15	74.04	3.89	0.06	5.83
Egypt	71.99	69.74	74.35	4.61	0.87	3.39
Moldova	71.90	67.62	76.16	8.53	0.63	4.89
Ukraine	71.83	66.92	76.98	10.06	0.64	4.15
Bhutan	71.78	71.41	72.18	0.77	1.73	10.89
Uzbekistan	71.72	69.59	73.83	4.24	1.05	4.57
Indonesia	71.72	69.57	73.97	4.39	1.23	5.94
Suriname	71.68	68.47	75.06	6.59	0.55	3.86
Kyrgyzstan	71.60	67.60	75.80	8.20	1.20	3.04
Bolivia	71.51	68.68	74.51	5.82	1.62	9.06
Philippines	71.23	67.26	75.50	8.24	0.75	2.44
Tajikistan	71.10	68.94	73.39	4.45	1.22	9.12
Tonga	70.91	68.97	72.89	3.92	0.48	1.24
Nepal	70.78	69.26	72.21	2.95	1.61	8.49
Iraq	70.60	68.56	72.65	4.09	0.90	1.52
Vanuatu	70.47	68.98	72.15	3.17	0.76	3.11
Sao Tome and Principe	70.39	67.98	72.81	4.83	1.33	9.02
Pacific island small states	70.08	68.25	72.05	3.80	0.81	3.52
Guyana	69.91	66.93	73.09	6.17	0.86	4.66
Mongolia	69.87	65.80	74.14	8.34	1.01	7.00
Cambodia	69.82	67.54	71.91	4.37	1.55	11.39
Small states	69.78	68.11	71.64	3.53	1.57	6.67
India	69.66	68.46	70.95	2.49	1.37	7.15
Botswana	69.59	66.48	72.39	5.90	3.33	18.96
Timor-Leste	69.50	67.49	71.64	4.14	1.30	10.49
Rwanda	69.02	66.82	71.13	4.31	2.14	20.38
Other small states	68.84	67.35	70.50	3.15	1.94	8.59
Kiribati	68.37	64.25	72.34	8.09	1.37	5.23
Turkmenistan	68.19	64.70	71.72	7.01	0.64	4.58
Senegal	67.94	65.76	69.92	4.16	1.57	10.15
Laos	67.92	66.14	69.75	3.60	1.78	9.12
Micronesia	67.88	66.23	69.60	3.36	0.73	3.33
Fiji	67.44	65.70	69.33	3.63	0.41	1.76
Pakistan	67.27	66.34	68.29	1.95	0.91	4.45
Myanmar	67.13	64.05	70.12	6.07	1.76	7.07
Djibouti	67.11	65.12	69.36	4.24	3.94	10.09
Madagascar	67.04	65.42	68.68	3.27	1.91	8.56
Kenya	66.70	64.31	69.05	4.74	2.56	15.78
Ethiopia	66.60	64.69	68.54	3.84	2.05	14.66
Gabon	66.47	64.38	68.67	4.29	2.15	8.20
Eritrea	66.32	64.15	68.56	4.40	2.12	11.05
Yemen	66.12	64.44	67.83	3.38	0.06	5.44
Tanzania	65.46	63.64	67.23	3.59	3.17	14.66
Sudan	65.31	63.47	67.19	3.72	1.14	6.84
Mauritania	64.92	63.30	66.52	3.21	1.27	4.22
Afghanistan	64.83	63.38	66.39	3.01	1.87	8.99
Congo, Rep.	64.57	63.08	66.02	2.94	1.99	12.45
Papua New Guinea	64.50	63.27	65.82	2.55	1.32	5.24
Comoros	64.32	62.59	66.12	3.53	1.11	4.86
Malawi	64.26	61.10	67.41	6.31	3.22	19.17
South Africa	64.13	60.73	67.68	6.95	2.16	8.08
Liberia	64.10	62.72	65.50	2.78	2.38	12.37
Ghana	64.07	62.99	65.18	2.19	1.66	7.07
Haiti	64.00	61.83	66.18	4.35	1.93	6.87
Zambia	63.89	60.85	66.89	6.04	3.05	19.89
Namibia	63.71	60.69	66.52	5.83	2.28	11.52
Uganda	63.37	61.00	65.62	4.62	2.70	17.14
Niger	62.42	61.28	63.62	2.34	2.35	12.49
Gambia	62.05	60.66	63.48	2.83	1.38	6.09
Benin	61.77	60.20	63.32	3.12	1.43	6.38
Guinea	61.60	60.85	62.12	1.26	2.59	10.40
Burundi	61.58	59.76	63.38	3.61	1.92	12.49
Burkina Faso	61.58	60.74	62.29	1.55	2.13	11.09
Zimbabwe	61.49	59.80	62.90	3.10	3.08	16.84
Angola	61.15	58.42	64.04	5.62	2.37	14.62
Togo	61.04	60.15	61.92	1.77	1.46	7.55
Mozambique	60.85	57.78	63.67	5.89	4.79	11.91
DR Congo	60.68	59.15	62.23	3.09	1.85	10.64
Eswatini	60.19	56.01	64.84	8.84	6.62	12.70
Mali	59.31	58.53	60.09	1.56	2.27	11.24
Cameroon	59.29	58.03	60.56	2.53	2.21	8.30
Equatorial Guinea	58.73	57.74	59.92	2.17	1.73	5.46
Guinea-Bissau	58.32	56.30	60.21	3.91	1.77	7.95
South Sudan	57.85	56.35	59.38	3.03	1.29	8.68
Cote d'Ivoire	57.78	56.59	59.12	2.53	2.27	8.15
Somalia	57.40	55.73	59.13	3.41	1.89	6.53
Sierra Leone	54.70	53.85	55.49	1.64	2.32	15.25
Nigeria	54.69	53.79	55.62	1.83	2.02	8.42
Lesotho	54.33	51.20	57.58	6.38	4.44	6.64
Chad	54.24	52.84	55.67	2.83	1.45	6.53
Central African Republic	53.28	51.08	55.51	4.43	3.15	9.09

See also

• List of countries by total health expenditure per capita
• List of countries by past life expectancy
• List of European countries by life expectancy
• List of European regions by life expectancy
• List of South American countries by life expectancy
• List of African countries by life expectancy
• List of U.S. counties with shortest life expectancy
• List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy
• List of federal subjects of Russia by life expectancy
• List of world regions by life expectancy
• Oldest people

External links

• Global Agewatch Archived 3 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine has the latest internationally comparable statistics on life expectancy from 195 countries.
• Life expectancy trends interactive graph
• Life expectancy interactive world map Archived 3 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
• Global Life Expectancy (Infographic)|LiveScience Archived 22 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine
• U.S. States life expectancy compared to the world (Infographic & Study)|Simply Insurance Archived 12 April 2022 at the Wayback Machine