Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit

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IL20RA
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesIL20RA, CRF2-8, IL-20R-alpha, IL-20R1, IL-20RA, Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit, interleukin 20 receptor subunit alpha
External IDsOMIM: 605620 MGI: 3605069 HomoloGene: 8685 GeneCards: IL20RA
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001278722
NM_001278723
NM_001278724
NM_014432

NM_172786

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001265651
NP_001265652
NP_001265653
NP_055247

NP_766374

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 137 – 137.05 MbChr 10: 19.59 – 19.64 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit, is a subunit of the interleukin-20 receptor, the interleukin-26 receptor, and the interleukin-24 receptor.[5] The interleukin 20 receptor, alpha subunit is also referred to as IL20R1[6] or IL20RA.[7] The IL20RA receptor is involved in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway.[5]

IL20RA is found in the skin, lungs, ovaries, testes and placenta, with low gene expression in the intestine and liver.[7] IL20RB is found in many organ resident effector cells such as keratinocytes at the skin epidermis, osteoclasts, found in bones, and epithelial cells of the intestine and trachea. IL20RA is also found in some immune cells.[8]

Structure and function

IL20RA is an alpha-chain with a long intracellular domain. IL20RA, along with the IL-20 receptor, beta subunit, form the heterodimeric interleukin-20 receptor, which binds the cytokines IL-19, IL-20 and IL-24. IL20RA also forms a complex with the IL-10 receptor, beta subunit, which binds the cytokine IL-26.[5]

Signaling

Receptors made up of IL20RA signal through a JAK-STAT signaling pathway.[5] In this pathway, after a cytokine binds IL20RA and the beta subunit, JAKs linked to intracellular domains of IL20R activate and phosphorylate tyrosine residues found in the longer alpha chains of IL20RA. STAT then binds to docking sites created by JAK phosphorylation and becomes phosphorylated by JAK. STATs then dimerize and move to the nucleus to act as transcription factors. The specific genes expressed are dependent on the specific JAK, STAT, as well as by SOCS proteins, which can inhibit the JAK-STAT signal, regulating it.where the transcription factor STAT3 binds to IL20RA and STAT3 becomes activated.[1] IL20RA has multiple docking sites for STAT3.[5][9]

Link to Immune System and Disease

Research indicates that IL20RA is found in some immune cells. For example, IL20RA is sometimes found in lung macrophages. Research indicates that IL20RA presence may be related to disease. In people with rheumatoid arthiritis, IL20RA is present in blood monocytes.[8]

IL20RA has also been linked with psoriasis, and atherosclerosis, all diseases associated with inflammation. The specific role of IL20RA in these diseases is unknown.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000016402 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020007 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b c d e Wegenka, Ursula Maria (2010-10-01). "IL-20: Biological functions mediated through two types of receptor complexes". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. IL-10 Family of Cytokines. 21 (5): 353–363. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.08.001. ISSN 1359-6101. PMID 20864382.
  6. ^ Wirtz, Mary K.; Keller, Kate E. (2016). "The Role of the IL-20 Subfamily in Glaucoma". Mediators of Inflammation. 2016: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2016/4083735. ISSN 0962-9351. PMC 4745377. PMID 26903709.
  7. ^ a b c Rutz, Sascha; Wang, Xiaoting; Ouyang, Wenjun (December 2014). "The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines — from host defence to tissue homeostasis". Nature Reviews Immunology. 14 (12): 783–795. doi:10.1038/nri3766. ISSN 1474-1741. PMID 25421700. S2CID 29114703.
  8. ^ a b Kragstrup, Tue W.; Andersen, Thomas; Heftdal, Line D.; Hvid, Malene; Gerwien, Jens; Sivakumar, Pallavur; Taylor, Peter C.; Senolt, Ladislav; Deleuran, Bent (2018-09-25). "The IL-20 Cytokine Family in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis". Frontiers in Immunology. 9: 2226. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02226. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 6167463. PMID 30319661.
  9. ^ Blumberg, Hal; Conklin, Darrell; Xu, WenFeng; Grossmann, Angelika; Brender, Ty; Carollo, Susan; Eagan, Maribeth; Foster, Don; Haldeman, Betty A; Hammond, Angie; Haugen, Harald; Jelinek, Laura; Kelly, James D; Madden, Karen; Maurer, Mark F (2001-01-12). "Interleukin 20: Discovery, Receptor Identification, and Role in Epidermal Function". Cell. 104 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00187-8. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 11163236.

Further reading