Influenza A virus subtype H6N2
| Influenza A virus subtype H6N2 | |
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Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Insthoviricetes |
| Order: | Articulavirales |
| Family: | Orthomyxoviridae |
| Genus: | Alphainfluenzavirus |
| Species: | |
| Serotype: | Influenza A virus subtype H6N2
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| Influenza (flu) |
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H6N2 is an avian influenza virus with two forms: one has a low and the other a high pathogenicity. It can cause a serious problem for poultry, and also infects ducks as well.[1] H6N2 subtype is considered to be a non-pathogenic chicken virus, the host still unknown, but could strain from feral animals, and/or aquatic bird reservoirs.[2] H6N2 along with H6N6 are viruses that are found to replicate in mice without preadaptation, and some have acquired the ability to bind to human-like receptors.[3] Genetic markers for H6N2 include 22-amino acid stalk deletion in neuraminidase (NA) protein gene, increased N-glycosylation, and a D144 mutation of the Haemagglutinin (HA) protein gene.[4] Transmission of avian influenza viruses from wild aquatic birds to domestic birds usually cause subclinical infections, and occasionally, respiratory disease and drops in egg production.[5] Some histological features presented in chicken infected with H6N2 are fibrinous yolk peritonitis, salpingitis, oophoritis, nephritis, along with swollen kidneys as well.[6]
Signs and symptoms
- sneezing and lacrimation
- prostration
- anorexia and fever
- sometimes swelling of the infraorbital sinuses with nasal mucous [7]
References
- ^ Jackwood, MW; Suarez, DL; Pantin-Jackwood, MJ; Spackman, E; Woolcock, P; Cardona, C. (2010). "Biologic characterization of chicken-derived H6N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens and ducks". Avian Dis. 54 (1): 120–125. doi:10.1637/8987-070909-resnote.1. PMID 20408410. S2CID 6853288.
- ^ Webby, Richard J.; Woolcock, Peter R.; Krauss, Scott L.; Webster, Robert G. (2002). "Reassortment and Interspecies Transmission of North American H6N2 Influenza Viruses". Virology. 295 (1): 44–53. doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1341. PMID 12033764.
- ^ Wang, Guojun; Deng, Guohua; Shi, Jianzhong; Luo, Weiyu; Zhang, Guoquan; Zhang, Qianyi; Liu, Liling; Jiang, Yongping; Li, Chengjun; Sriwilaijaroen, Nongluk; Hiramatsu, Hiroaki; Suzuki, Yasuo; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Chen, Hualan (15 April 2014). "H6 Influenza Viruses Pose a Potential Threat to Human Health". Journal of Virology. 88 (8): 3953–3964. doi:10.1128/JVI.03292-13. ISSN 0022-538X. PMC 3993743. PMID 24501418.
- ^ Abolnik, C.; Bisschop, S.; Gerdes, T.; Olivier, A.; Horner, R. (2007). "Outbreaks of avian influenza H6N2 viruses in chickens arose by a reassortment of H6N8 and H9N2 ostrich viruses". Virus Genes. 34 (1): 37–45. doi:10.1007/s11262-006-0007-6. hdl:2263/5894. PMID 16927114. S2CID 9028126.
- ^ Jackwood, MW; Suarez, DL; Pantin-Jackwood, MJ; Spackman, E; Woolcock, P; Cardona, C. (2010). "Biologic characterization of chicken-derived H6N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens and ducks". Avian Dis. 54 (1): 120–125. doi:10.1637/8987-070909-resnote.1. PMID 20408410. S2CID 6853288.
- ^ Kinde, Hailu; Read, Deryck H.; Daft, Barbara M.; Hammarlund, Marion; Moore, Janet; Uzal, Francisco; Mukai, Janee; Woolcock, Peter (September 2003). "he Occurrence of Avian Influenza A Subtype H6N2 in Commercial Layer Flocks in Southern California (2000–02): Clinicopathologic Findings". Avian Diseases. 47 (3): 1214–1218. doi:10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1214. PMID 14575145. S2CID 34839151.
- ^ McFerran, J. B.; McNulty, M. S. (6 December 2012). Acute Virus Infections of Poultry: A Seminar in the CEC Agricultural Research Programme, held in Brussels, June 13–14, 1985. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9789400942875.
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