HIV salivary gland disease
Human immunodeficiency virus salivary gland disease (abbreviated to HIV-SGD,[1] and also termed HIV-associated salivary gland disease),[2] is swelling of the salivary glands and/or xerostomia in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Signs and symptoms
- Gradual enlargement of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.[3] This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful.[2]
- Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications.[2]
HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection.[3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome.[3]
Epidemiology
HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults,[4] at about 19% and 1% respectively.[1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.[2]
References
- ^ a b Burket LW; Greenberg MS; Michael Glick; Jonathan A Ship (2008). Burket's Oral Medicine. PMPH-USA. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1-55009-345-2.
- ^ a b c d Jeffers, L; Webster-Cyriaque, JY (April 2011). "Viruses and salivary gland disease (SGD): lessons from HIV SGD". Advances in Dental Research. 23 (1): 79–83. doi:10.1177/0022034510396882. PMC 3144046. PMID 21441486.
- ^ a b c Witt RL (1 January 2011). Salivary Gland Diseases: Surgical and Medical Management. Thieme. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-1-60406-537-4.
- ^ Schiødt, M (February 1992). "HIV-associated salivary gland disease: a review". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology. 73 (2): 164–7. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(92)90189-w. PMID 1549310.