Grevillea banksii
| Grevillea banksii | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Grevillea |
| Species: | G. banksii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Grevillea banksii | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
List
| |
Grevillea banksii, commonly known as Banks' grevillea, Byfield waratah, red flowered silky oak and dwarf silky oak,[3] and in Hawaii as kāhili flower,[4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It is an erect shrub or slender tree with divided leaves with four to twelve narrow lobes, and creamy white to bright scarlet and yellow flowers.
Description
Grevillea banksii is an erect, bushy to spindly shrub or slender tree that typically grows to a height of 2–10 m (6 ft 7 in – 32 ft 10 in). It has mostly divided leaves with four to twelve narrowly elliptic to linear lobes 50–180 mm (2.0–7.1 in) long and 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) wide with the edges turned down or rolled under. The flowers are arranged in more or less cylindrical groups near the ends of branches, each flower on a pedicel 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) long along a rachis 50–120 mm (2.0–4.7 in) long, and are creamy-white or bright scarlet to crimson. The pistil is 32–50 mm (1.3–2.0 in) long and usually glabrous. Flowering occurs from August to October and the fruit is a glabrous follicle 15–25 mm (0.59–0.98 in) long.[3]
Taxonomy
Grevillea banksii was first formally described in 1810 by the botanist Robert Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.[5][6] The specific epithet (banksii) honours Sir Joseph Banks.[7]
Distribution and habitat
Banks' grevillea is mostly found on the Queensland coast from Ipswich to Yeppoon, but sometimes further inland. It mostly grows in woodland and forest, usually in flatter places.[3]
The species has also been introduced to Hawai'i[4] and is an important woody weed in eastern Madagascar where it was introduced, with Acacia dealbata, for erosion control.[8]
Conservation status
Grevillea banksii has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is due to the species' extensive distribution, stable population and lack of significant current threats to the population as a whole that merit a threatened category. It is abundant within its range, however, in some sites, the population may be decreasing. Threats to this species include habitat clearing for development and agriculture and weed invasion, particularly from naturalized pasture grasses.[1]
Use in horticulture
Grevillea banksii is one of the most widely cultivated grevilleas and is a parent of hybrids including G. 'Robyn Gordon' and G. 'Superb', G. 'Misty Pink', G. 'Pink Surprise', and G. 'Ned Kelly'.[7]
Toxicity and allergic reactions
The flowers and seed pods contain toxic hydrogen cyanide.[9] The alkyl resorcinols in G. banksii and Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon' are responsible for contact dermatitis.[10]
References
- ^ a b Forster, P. (2020). "Grevillea banksii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T112646682A113309210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T112646682A113309210.en. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Grevillea banksii". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ a b c Makinson, Robert O. "Grevillea banksii". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ a b Pratt, Linda; Bio, Keali`i; Jacobi, James. "Survey of roadside alien plants in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park and adjacent residential areas 2001–2005" (PDF). University of Hawai'i at Manoa. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ "Grevillea banksii". APNI. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ Brown, Robert (1810). "On the Proteaceae of Jussieu". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 10 (1): 176. Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ a b "Grevillea banksii". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 23 December 2021.
- ^ Kull, C. A.; Tassin, J.; Carriere, S. M. (2014-01-01). "Approaching invasive species in Madagascar". Madagascar Conservation & Development. 9 (2): 60–70. doi:10.4314/mcd.v9i2.2. ISSN 1662-2510.
- ^ Everist, S.L., Poisonous Plants of Australia, Angus & Robertson, 1974.
- ^ Menz, J., Rossi, R., Taylor, W.C, Wall, L., Contact dermatitis from Grevillea'Robyn Gordon', Contact Dermatitis, Vol. 15, Iss. 3, pp 126-131, April 2006
- Olde, Peter; Marriott, Neil (1995). The Grevillea Book, vol 2. Sydney: Kangaroo Press. ISBN 978-0-86417-326-3.