Giant-cell glioblastoma

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Giant-cell glioblastoma
Some glioblastomas, such as this giant-cell variant, are discrete firm masses which clinically and radiographically simulate metastatic carcinoma
WHO Classification
Standard nameGiant-cell glioblastoma
StructureNeuroepithelial tumors
└►Astrocytic tumors
└►Glioblastoma
└►Giant-cell glioblastoma
ICD-O Code & WHO Grade
ICD-O Code9441/3
WHO GradeIV
Synonyms & Acronyms
SynonymsMonstrocellular sarcoma
Epidemiology
Incidence0.15/100,000/y
new cases/population/year
Age peak42
M/F ratio1.6
Prognosis
Mean overall survival12 months
Medicine WikiProject/Neurology task force

The giant-cell glioblastoma is a histological variant of glioblastoma, presenting a prevalence of bizarre, multinucleated (more than 20 nuclei) giant (up to 400 μm diameter) cells.

It occasionally shows an abundant stromal reticulin network and presents a high frequency of TP53 gene mutations.[1][2]

Symptoms and signs are similar to those of the ordinary glioblastoma. Methodology of diagnosis and treatment are the same.

Prognosis is similar to the ordinary glioblastoma, which is approximately 12 months,[3] although some authors refer to cases with a slightly better outcome.[4][5][6][7][8]

Historical annotation

The giant-cell glioblastoma was originally termed monstrocellular sarcoma, because of its stromal reticulin network,[9][10] but the astrocytic nature of the tumor was firmly established through the consistent GFAP expression analysis.[11][12][13]

Epidemiology

Incidence

The giant-cell glioblastoma is a rare neoplasia: its incidence is less than 1% of all brain tumors. It represents up to 5% of glioblastomas.[14]

Age and sex distribution

The mean age at clinical presentation is 42. The age distribution includes children and has a wider range than other diffuse astrocytomas (diffuse WHO grade II astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, ordinary glioblastoma).[14][15][16]

The giant-cell glioblastoma affects males more frequently (the M/F ratio is 1.6).[1]

Prognosis

Most patients with giant-cell glioblastoma have unfavourable prognosis,[17] but some authors report clinical results slightly better than the ordinary glioblastoma,[8][7][6][5][4] in all probability because this variant seems less infiltrative, due to the nature of giant cells of this type.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Ohgaki H, Peraud A, Nakazato Y, Watanabe K, von Deimling A (2000). "Giant cell glioblastoma". In Kleihues P, Cavenee WK (eds.). Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Nervous System. Lyon: IARC. ISBN 92-832-2409-4.[page needed]
  2. ^ Macchi G. (2005) [1981]. Malattie del sistema nervoso. PICCIN Editore. ISBN 88-299-1739-7.[page needed]
  3. ^ DeAngelis LM, Loeffler JS, Adam N, Mamelak AN (2007). "Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors". In Pazdur R, Coia LR, Hoskins WJ, Wagman LD (eds.). Cancer Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach (10th ed.). Retrieved 4 August 2009.[page needed]
  4. ^ a b Klein R, Mölenkamp G, Sörensen N, Roggendorf W (June 1998). "Favorable outcome of giant cell glioblastoma in a child. Report of an 11-year survival period". Child's Nervous System. 14 (6): 288–91. doi:10.1007/s003810050228. ISSN 0256-7040. PMID 9694343.
  5. ^ a b Burger PC, Vollmer RT (September 1980). "Histologic factors of prognostic significance in the glioblastoma multiforme" (Free full text). Cancer. 46 (5): 1179–86. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19800901)46:5<1179::AID-CNCR2820460517>3.0.CO;2-0. ISSN 0008-543X. PMID 6260329.
  6. ^ a b Becker DP, Benyo R, Roessmann U (January 1967). "Glial origin of monstrocellular tumor. Case report of prolonged survival" (Free full text). Journal of Neurosurgery. 26 (1): 72–7. doi:10.3171/jns.1967.26.1part1.0072. ISSN 0022-3085. PMID 6018784.
  7. ^ a b Shinojima N, Kochi M, Hamada J, et al. (August 2004). "The influence of sex and the presence of giant cells on postoperative long-term survival in adult patients with supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme". Journal of Neurosurgery. 101 (2): 219–26. doi:10.3171/jns.2004.101.2.0219. ISSN 0022-3085. PMID 15309911.
  8. ^ a b Margetts JC, Kalyan-Raman UP (February 1989). "Giant-celled glioblastoma of brain. A clinico-pathological and radiological study of ten cases (including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure)" (Free full text). Cancer. 63 (3): 524–31. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19890201)63:3<524::AID-CNCR2820630321>3.0.CO;2-D. ISSN 0008-543X. PMID 2912529.
  9. ^ Zulch KJ (1979). Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-176021-8. OCLC 6845931.[page needed]
  10. ^ Zulch KJ (1986). Brain Tumors: Their Biology and Pathology (3rd ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-10933-6.[page needed]
  11. ^ Jacque CM, Kujas M, Poreau A, et al. (March 1979). "GFA and S 100 protein levels as an index for malignancy in human gliomas and neurinomas". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 62 (3): 479–83. doi:10.1093/jnci/62.3.479. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 216839.
  12. ^ Kleihues P, Burger PC, Scheithauer BW (1993). Histological Typing of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (2nd ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-56971-8.[page needed]
  13. ^ Russell DS, Rubinstein LJ (1989). Pathology of Tumors of the Nervous System (5th ed.). London: Edward Arnold.[page needed]
  14. ^ a b Palma L, Celli P, Maleci A, Di Lorenzo N, Cantore G (1989). "Malignant monstrocellular brain tumours. A study of 42 surgically treated cases". Acta Neurochirurgica. 97 (1–2): 17–25. doi:10.1007/BF01577735. ISSN 0001-6268. PMID 2718792.
  15. ^ Meyer-Puttlitz B, Hayashi Y, Waha A, et al. (September 1997). "Molecular genetic analysis of giant-cell glioblastomas". The American Journal of Pathology. 151 (3): 853–7. ISSN 0002-9440. PMC 1857850. PMID 9284834.
  16. ^ Peraud A, Watanabe K, Plate KH, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H (November 1997). "p53 mutations versus EGF receptor expression in giant-cell glioblastomas". Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 56 (11): 1236–41. doi:10.1097/00005072-199711000-00008. ISSN 0022-3069. PMID 9370234.
  17. ^ Huang MC, Kubo O, Tajika Y, Takakura K (April 1996). "A clinico-immunohistochemical study of giant cell glioblastoma" (Free full text). Nōshuyō Byōri. 13 (1): 11–6. ISSN 0914-8108. PMID 8916121.
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