File:The Stages of CRISPR immunity.svg
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Summary
| Description |
English: The stages of CRISPR immunity for each of the three major divisions. (1) Acquisition begins by recognition of invading DNA by Cas1 and Cas2 and cleavage of a protospacer. (2) The protospacer is ligated to the direct repeat adjacent to the leader sequence and (3) single strand extension repairs the CRISPR and duplicates the direct repeat. The crRNA processing and interference stages occur differently in each of the three major CRISPR systems. (4) The primary CRISPR transcript is cleaved by cas genes to produce crRNAs. (5) In type I systems Cas6e/Cas6f cleave at the junction of ssRNA and dsRNA formed by hairpin loops in the direct repeat. Type II systems use a trans-activating (tracr) RNA to form dsRNA, which is cleaved by Cas9 and RNaseIII. Type III systems use a Cas6 homolog that does not require hairpin loops in the direct repeat for cleavage. (6) In type II and type III systems secondary trimming is performed at either the 5’ or 3’ end to produce mature crRNAs. (7) Mature crRNAs associate with Cas proteins to form interference complexes. (8) In type I and type II systems, basepairing between the crRNA and the PAM causes degradation of invading DNA. Type III systems do not require a PAM for successful degradation and in type III-A systems basepairing occurs between the crRNA and mRNA rather than the DNA, targeted by type III-B systems.
Español: Las etapas de inmunidad CRISPR por cada uno de los tres tipos mayores de inmunidad adaptativa. (1) Comienza la adquisición por el reconocimiento de ADN invasor por Cas1 and Cas2 y hay corte de un protoespaciador. (2) El protoespaciador se liga a repetidos directos adyacentes a la secuencia líder y (3) la extensión de cadena sencilla repara el CRISPR y duplica el repetido directo. El procesado e interferencia de ARNcr ocurren diferentemente en cada uno de los tres sistemas mayores de CRISPR. (4) El transcrito primario de CRISPR es cortado por los genes cas para producir ARNcr. (5) En sistemas tipo I, Cas6e/Cas6f cortan en la unión de ARN de cadena sencilla y ARN de cadena doble formada por vueltas tipo "hairpin" en el repetido directo. Los sistemas tipo II usan un ARN trans-activador (tracr) para formar ARN de cadena doble, el cual es cortado por Cas9 y la RNasaIII. Los sistemas tipo II usan un homólogo de Cas 6 que no requiere vueltas tipo hairpin en los repetidos directos para efectuar el corte. (6) En los sistema II y III, se hace un recorte secundarip ya sea en el extremo 5’ o 3’ para producir ARNcr maduros. (7) Los ARNcr maduros se asocian con las proteínas cas para formar complejos de interferencia. (8) En sistemas tipo I y II, el apareamiento de bases entre el ARNcr y el PAM provoca la degradación del ADN invasor. En el tipo III los sistemas no requieren PAM para la degradación exitosa y en los sistemas tipo III-A el apareamiento de bases ocurre entre ARNcr y ARNm en vez de con ADN, dirigido por los sistemas tipo III-B. |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | CtSkennerton |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 09:46, 4 November 2021 | | 598 × 644 (129 KB) | commons>Theklan | File uploaded using svgtranslate tool (https://svgtranslate.toolforge.org/). Added translation for eu. |
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