Cycling at the Summer Paralympics

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Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Governing bodyIPC
Events44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2)
Games

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics. From an original program of seven road races, the sport is now contested on both road and track, and since 2012 the cycling program at the Paralympics is typically the third largest of any sport in the Games, behind athletics and swimming, and running at approximately 50 separate events.

Summary of editions

Games Year Events Best Nation
1 not held
2 not held
3 not held
4 not held
5 not held
6 not held
7 1984 7  Norway
8 1988 7  South Korea
9 1992 9  Germany
10 1996 23  Australia
11 2000 27  Australia
12 2004 31  Australia
13 2008 44  Great Britain
14 2012 50  Great Britain
15 2016 50  Great Britain
16 2020 51  Great Britain

Classification

Cyclists with visual impairments are paired with a sighted pilot. Here Scott McPhee pilots to Kieran Modra's stocker.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.[1]

At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.

  • B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
  • T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
  • C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
  • H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle

Factoring

In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification.[2]

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.

Road cycling

Men's events

Current events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race - - X - - X X X X X 6
Time trial X X X X - X X X X X 9
Past events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team tandem open, time trial - - X - - - - - - - 1

Women's events

Nation 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race X - - - - X X X X X 6
Time trial X - X - - X X X X X 7

Mixed events

Current events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team relay - - - - - - - X X X 3
Past events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race - - - X X - X X - - 4
Time trial - - - X X - X X - - 4

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Germany (GER)21201556
2 United States (USA)19282067
3 Great Britain (GBR)1712736
4 Australia (AUS)14151544
5 France (FRA)1461434
6 Netherlands (NED)13101134
7 Italy (ITA)1213833
8 Spain (ESP)981229
9 Canada (CAN)98926
10 Austria (AUT)79723
11 Ireland (IRL)62311
12 Poland (POL)56213
13 Czech Republic (CZE)53513
14 Switzerland (SUI)46717
15 Belgium (BEL)45716
16 China (CHN)36514
17 South Korea (KOR)35513
18 Slovakia (SVK)3328
19 Japan (JPN)32611
20 South Africa (RSA)3227
21 Ukraine (UKR)3205
22 Norway (NOR)3137
23 Belarus (BLR)3104
24 RPC (RPC)2002
25 Denmark (DEN)1001
26 Sweden (SWE)0224
27 Czechoslovakia (TCH)0202
 Finland (FIN)0202
 Romania (ROU)0202
30 New Zealand (NZL)0145
31 West Germany (FRG)0123
32 Brazil (BRA)0112
 Portugal (POR)0112
34 Israel (ISR)0101
35 Colombia (COL)0022
 Lebanon (LIB)0022
37 Argentina (ARG)0011
 Russia (RUS)0011
Totals (38 entries)186186181553

Track cycling

Men's events

Current events
Event 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit - - X X X X X 5
Bicycle, time trial - - X X X X X 5
Tandem, individual pursuit X X X X X X X 7
Tandem, time trial X X X X X X X 7
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, team sprint - - X X - - - 2
Tandem, sprint X X X X - - - 4

Women's events

Current events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit - - - - X X X 3
Bicycle, 500m time trial - - - X X X X 4
Tandem, individual pursuit X X X X X X X 7
Tandem, 1 km time trial X X X X X X X 7
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, 1 km time trial - - X - - X - 2
Tandem, sprint - - X - - - - 1

Mixed events

Current events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team, sprint - X - - X X X 4
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Omnium X - - - - - - 1
Tandem open, individual pursuit X X - - - - - 2
Tandem open, sprint X X - - X X - 4
Tandem open, time trial X X - - - - - 2

Medal table

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Great Britain (GBR)3418961
2 Australia (AUS)27201966
3 China (CHN)1091231
4 United States (USA)7131232
5 Netherlands (NED)66517
6 Italy (ITA)52613
7 Spain (ESP)47920
8 France (FRA)45716
9 Czech Republic (CZE)34512
10 Slovakia (SVK)3227
11 Germany (GER)28717
12 Japan (JPN)2507
13 New Zealand (NZL)2237
14 Austria (AUT)1315
15 Romania (ROU)1102
16 Switzerland (SUI)1012
 Ukraine (UKR)1012
18 Belarus (BLR)1001
 RPC (RPC)1001
20 Canada (CAN)05510
21 Ireland (IRL)0213
22 Norway (NOR)0123
23 Poland (POL)0112
24 South Korea (KOR)0101
25 Colombia (COL)0033
26 Belgium (BEL)0022
27 Argentina (ARG)0011
 South Africa (RSA)0011
Totals (28 entries)115115115345

Overall medal table

Updated to 2020 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.[4]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Great Britain51301697
2 Australia413534110
3 United States26413299
4 Germany23282273
5 Netherlands19161651
6 France18112150
7 Italy17151446
8 Spain13152149
9 China13151745
10 Canada9131436
11 Austria812828
12 Czech Republic871025
13 Slovakia65415
14 Ireland64414
15 Japan57618
16 Poland57315
17 Switzerland56819
18 Belgium45918
19 Ukraine4217
20 Belarus4105
21 South Korea36514
22 Norway32510
23 South Africa3238
24 RPC3003
25 New Zealand23712
26 Romania1304
27 Denmark1001
28 Sweden0224
29 Czechoslovakia (TCH)0202
 Finland0202
31 West Germany (FRG)0123
32 Brazil0112
 Portugal0112
34 Israel0101
35 Colombia0055
36 Argentina0022
 Lebanon0022
38 Russia0011
Totals (38 entries)301301296898

Nations

Nation 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 Total
 Afghanistan (AFG)             2 2 2
 Albania (ALB)             1 1
 Argentina (ARG)             1 3 3 5 4
 Australia (AUS)             1 8 14 22 19 17 15 15 8
 Austria (AUT)             1 4 7 9 7 11 7 4 8
 Barbados (BAR)             1 1 2
 Belarus (BLR)             2 4 6 6 2 5
 Belgium (BEL)             3 7 5 2 1 3 4 8 8
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)             1 1
 Brazil (BRA)             1 1 2 1 2 2 5 7
 Burkina Faso (BUR)             2 2 1 2 4
 Canada (CAN)             4 3 15 7 10 12 15 15 14 9
 China (CHN)             6 8 8 11 4
 Colombia (COL)             1 4 3 6 4
 Costa Rica (CRC)             1 1 2
 Croatia (CRO)             1 2 2
 Cuba (CUB)             1 1 2
 Czech Republic (CZE)             3 6 8 8 8 8 6
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)             1 3 2
 Denmark (DEN)             1 3 2 2 4
 Dominican Republic (DOM)             1 1 2
 Estonia (EST)             1 1
 Finland (FIN)             1 2 2 2 3 5
 France (FRA)             1 6 16 17 18 9 9 14 5 9
 Germany (GER)             9 13 13 17 17 16 15 7
 Ghana (GHA)             1 1 2
 Great Britain (GBR)             1 1 7 8 8 8 12 19 20 9
 Greece (GRE)             4 2 5 6 4
 Haiti (HAI)             1 1
 Hungary (HUN)             2 1
 Iran (IRI)             1 1 1 3
 Ireland (IRL)             1 3 6 10 10 5
 Israel (ISR)             1 1 3 1 4
 Italy (ITA)             8 12 9 7 9 13 13 7
 Japan (JPN)             2 7 6 5 4 5 6
 Lebanon (LBN)             1 1 2
 Luxembourg (LUX)             1 2 2
 Malaysia (MAS)             2 4 2
 Mexico (MEX)             1 1
 Netherlands (NED)             3 4 7 3 5 6 11 18 8
 New Zealand (NZL)             2 5 6 8 4
 Norway (NOR)             3 2 4 4 6 7 1 2 1 9
 Pakistan (PAK)             1 1
 Peru (PER)             1 1
 Poland (POL)             3 6 6 12 4
 Portugal (POR)             3 1 1 1 2 5
 Romania (ROU)             1 3 2 2 4
 Russia (RUS)             2 1
 Serbia (SRB)             2 1
 Singapore (SGP)             2 2 2
 Slovakia (SVK)             2 4 4 4 6 5 6
 Slovenia (SLO)             1 1 1 1 4
 South Africa (RSA)             4 7 6 6 4
 South Korea (KOR)             10 5 3 4 2 2 2 3 8
 Spain (ESP)             17 26 23 14 16 16 12 7
 Sweden (SWE)             1 1 4 3
 Switzerland (SUI)             6 6 8 8 5 8 7 7
 Ukraine (UKR)             1 1 2
 Unified Team (EUN)             2 1
 United States (USA)             3 11 30 35 35 18 13 17 24 9
 Venezuela (VEN)             1 1 2 2 2 5
 West Germany (FRG)             3 1 2
Nations 8 11 19 23 25 39 39 48 45
Competitors 22 40 149 181 202 196 220 223 235
Year 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cycling at the Summer Paralympics.
  1. ^ Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee
  2. ^ "Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  3. ^ "Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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