Cahto language
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Kato | |
---|---|
Cahto | |
Native to | United States |
Region | California (Eel River) |
Ethnicity | Cahto people |
Dené–Yeniseian?
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | ktw |
Glottolog | kato1244 |
Cahto (also spelled Kato) is an extinct Athabaskan language that was formerly spoken by the Kato people of the Laytonville and Branscomb area at the head of the South Fork of the Eel River. It is one of the four languages belonging to the California Athabaskan cluster of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages. Most Kato speakers were bilingual in Northern Pomo and some also spoke Yuki.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | labial | ||||||||
Nasal | m ⟨m⟩ | n ⟨n⟩ | ɲ ⟨ñ⟩ | ||||||||
Plosive/ Affricate |
unaspirated | p~b ⟨b⟩ | t~d ⟨d⟩ | ts ⟨ts⟩ | t͡ʃ~d͡ʒ ⟨dj⟩ | c~ɟ ⟨g⟩ | k~g ⟨g⟩ | kʷ ⟨kw⟩ | k~q ⟨q⟩ | ʔ ⟨′⟩ | |
ejective | tʼ ⟨t'⟩ | tsʼ ⟨ts'⟩ | tɬʼ ⟨L⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨tc'⟩ | cʼ ⟨k'⟩ | kʼ ⟨k'⟩ | kʷʼ ⟨kw'⟩ | ||||
aspirated | tʰ ⟨t⟩ | t͡ʃʰ ⟨tc⟩ | cʰ ⟨k⟩ | kʰ ⟨k⟩ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | s ⟨s⟩ | ɬ ⟨ʟ⟩ | ʃ ⟨c⟩ | h ⟨h⟩ | ||||||
voiced | z ⟨z⟩ | ʒ | ɣ ⟨ɢ⟩ | ||||||||
Approximant | l ⟨l⟩ | j ⟨y⟩ | w ⟨w⟩ |
Cahto has 26 consonant phonemes and 30 phones.
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | Diphthong | |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | [i(ː)] ī | [ɪ] i ~ [ʊ] û | [u(ː)] ū | |
High-Mid | [e(ː)] ē | [e] ɛ ~ [ə] ę | [o(ː)] ō | |
Low-Mid | [ɛ] ɛ ~ [ə] ę | [ʌ] ą ~ [a] a | ||
Low | [a(ː)] ā, [ʌ] ą ~ [a] a | [ai] ai |
Cahto has 9 vowel phonemes (including the diphthong) and 12 phones.
References
- Goddard, Pliny Earle; Bill Ray (1909). Kato texts. The University Press. Retrieved 24 August 2012. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 5(3):65-238.
- Goddard, Pliny Earle (1912). Elements of the Kato Language. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnography 11(1):1-176.
- Goddard, Pliny Earle (1916). Elements of the Kato language. University of California Press. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
- Golla, Victor (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-052-026667-4.
External links
- Kato language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Kato Language (Cahto), nativelanguages.org
- The Cahto ("Kato") Language
- Experimental Cahto lexical database
- OLAC resources in and about the Kato language
- Kato Bibliography
- Kato basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
Categories:
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Language articles without speaker estimate
- Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages
- Extinct languages of North America
- Languages of the United States
- Languages extinct in the 1960s
- Cahto
- All stub articles
- Indigenous languages of the Americas stubs