Cyclin-dependent kinase 4

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CDK4
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesCDK4, CMM3, PSK-J3, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin dependent kinase 4
External IDsOMIM: 123829 MGI: 88357 HomoloGene: 55429 GeneCards: CDK4
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_052984
NM_000075

NM_009870
NM_001355005

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000066

NP_034000
NP_001341934

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 57.75 – 57.76 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2][3]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 also known as cell division protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDK4 gene. CDK4 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16INK4a. This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb).[4] Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G1/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G1 phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G1 phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenic and antimitogenic signals. Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity. Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex.[5]

Clinical significance

Role of CDK4, cyklin D, Rb and E2F in cell cycle regulation.

Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a), CDKN2A and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. One specific point mutation of CDK4 (R24C) was first identified in melanoma patients. This mutation was introduced also in animal models and its role as a cancer driver oncogene was studied thoroughly. Nowadays, deregulated CDK4 is considered to be a potential therapeutic target in some cancer types and various CDK4 inhibitors are being tested for cancer treatment in clinical trials.[6][7]

Multiple polyadenylation sites of this gene have been reported.[4]

It is regulated by Cyclin D.

Inhibitors

Ribociclib are US FDA approved CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive/ HER2 negative advanced breast cancer.[8]

See also CDK inhibitor for inhibitors of various CDKs.

Interactions

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 has been shown to interact with:

Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis. (CDK4 in the (pink) nucleus)

References

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Further reading

External links