Bismuth pentafluoride

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Bismuth pentafluoride
Names
Other names
bismuth(V) fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.205 Edit this at Wikidata
UNII
  • InChI=1/Bi.5FH.3H/h;5*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;;;/p-5/rBiH3.5FH/h1H3;5*1H/q+3;;;;;/p-5
    Key: MELFHUKMGVSOTN-COTDSHSIAY
  • F[Bi](F)(F)(F)F
Properties
BiF5
Molar mass 303.97 g mol−1
Appearance long white needles,[1] colourless crystalline solid[2]
Density 5.40 g cm−3[1]
Melting point 151.4 °C (304.5 °F; 424.5 K) ,[2] 154.4 °C[1]
Boiling point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)[1][2]
Structure
octahedral Bi
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS03: Oxidizing GHS05: Corrosive
Danger
H272, H314
P210, P220, P221, P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P370+P378, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazard W+OX: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner AND is oxidizer
4
0
3
W
OX
Flash point non-combustible
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS
Related compounds
Other anions
 bismuth trichloride, bismuth tribromide, bismuth triiodide, pentamethylbismuth
Other cations
 phosphorus pentafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, antimony pentafluoride
Related compounds
 bismuth trifluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Bismuth pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula BiF5. It is a white solid that is highly reactive. The compound is of interest to researchers but not of particular value.

Structure

BiF5 is polymeric and consists of linear chains of trans-bridged corner sharing BiF6 octahedra.[1][3] This is the same structure as α-UF5.[1]


(BiF5)∞ chain packing of chains

Preparation

BiF5 can be prepared by treating BiF3 with F2 at 500 °C.[2]

BiF3 + F2 → BiF5

In an alternative synthesis, ClF3 is the fluorinating agent at 350 °C.[4]

BiF3 + ClF3 → BiF5 + ClF

Reactions

Bismuth pentafluoride is the most reactive of the pnictogen pentafluorides and is an extremely strong fluorinating agent. It reacts vigorously with water to form ozone and oxygen difluoride, and with iodine or sulfur at room temperature. BiF5 fluorinates paraffin oil (hydrocarbons) to fluorocarbons above 50 °C and oxidises UF4 to UF6 at 150 °C. At 180 °C, bismuth pentafluoride fluorinates Br2 to BrF3 and Cl2 to ClF.[1]

BiF5 also reacts with alkali metal fluorides, MF, to form hexafluorobismuthates, M[BiF6], containing the hexafluorobismuthate anion, [BiF6]−.[2] Bismuth pentafluorude in hydrofluoric acid solvent also reacts with nickel fluoride to form the nickel salt of this anion, which can be incorporated into a complex with acetonitrile.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 561–563. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. ^ a b c d e Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, pp. 769–770, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  3. ^ C. Hebecker (1971). "Zur Kristallstruktur von Wismutpentafluorid". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 384 (2): 111–114. doi:10.1002/zaac.19713840204.
  4. ^ A. I. Popov; A. V. Scharabarin; V. F. Sukhoverkhov; N. A. Tchumaevsky (1989). "Synthesis and properties of pentavalent antimony and bismuth fluorides". Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 576 (1): 242–254. doi:10.1002/zaac.19895760128.
  5. ^ Roland Bougon; Pierrette Charpin; Karl O. Christe; Jacques Isabey; Monique Lance; Martine Nierlich; Julien Vigner; William W. Wilson (1988). "Preparation and characterization of nickel(2+) hexafluorobismuthate(1-) and of the ternary adducts [Ni(CH3CN)6](BiF6)2 and [Ni(CH3CN)6](SbF6)2. Crystal structure of hexakis(acetonitrile-d3)nickel(2+) hexafluoroantimonate". Inorganic Chemistry. 27 (8): 1389–1393. doi:10.1021/ic00281a018.
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