Austin Flint murmur
| Austin Flint murmur | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Differential diagnosis | Aortic regurgitation |
Austin Flint murmur is a low-pitched rumbling heart murmur associated with severe aortic regurgitation.[1]
It is typically mid to late diastolic and is best heard at the cardiac apex.[2]
The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician, Austin Flint.[2][3]
Mechanism
Echocardiography, conventional and colour flow Doppler ultrasound, and cine nuclear magnetic resonance (cine NMR) imaging suggest the murmur is the result of (aortic regurgitant) flow impingement on the inner surface of the heart, i.e. the endocardium.[4][5]
Classical description
Classically, it is described as being the result of mitral valve leaflet displacement and turbulent mixing of anterograde mitral flow and retrograde aortic flow:[6]
Displacement: The blood jets from the aortic regurgitation strike the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, which often results in premature closure of the mitral leaflets. This can be mistaken for mitral stenosis.
Turbulence of the two columns of blood: Blood from left atrium to left ventricle and blood from aorta to left ventricle.
Name
The Austin Flint murmur is named after the 19th century American physician, Austin Flint (1812–1886).[7][8] He disapproved of associating any physical sign with the name of the original describer, and wrote, "So long as signs are determined from fancied analogies, and named from these or after the person who describes them, there cannot but be obscurity and confusion."[9]
References
- ↑ Camm, Christian Fielder; Camm, A. John (2016). "1. Examination techniques". Clinical Guide to Cardiology. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-118-75533-4. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-05-28.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Foth, Christopher; Nair, Raunak; Zeltser, Roman (2022). "Austin Flint Murmur". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30335345. Archived from the original on 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
- ↑ Flint A (1862). "On cardiac murmurs". American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 44: 29–54.
- ↑ Landzberg JS, Pflugfelder PW, Cassidy MM, Schiller NB, Higgins CB, Cheitlin MD (1992). "Etiology of the Austin Flint murmur". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 20 (2): 408–413. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(92)90110-9. PMID 1634679.
- ↑ Weir RA, Dargie HJ (2008). "Austin Flint Murmur". New England Journal of Medicine. 359 (10): e11. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm072437. PMID 18768939.
- ↑ "Austin Flint murmur". GPnotebook. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- ↑ Flint's murmur or symptom at Who Named It?
- ↑ Austin Flint at Who Named It?
- ↑ Landis, H.R.M. (1912). "Austin Flint: His Contributions to the Art of Physical Diagnosis and the Study of Tuberculosis". Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. 23: 182–186. Archived from the original on 2022-11-11. Retrieved 2022-06-27.