Mucinous tumors of the ovary
| Ovarian mucinous tumor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Giant mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary | |
 | |
| Specialty | Oncology, gynecology |
| Types | Benign mucinous tumors Mucinous borderline tumor Mucinous carcinoma[1] |
Mucinous tumors of the ovary are a type of ovarian tumor.[1][2] They are typically large.[3]
Types include benign mucinous tumors, mucinous borderline tumor, and mucinous carcinoma.[1]
Classification
Benign mucinous tumors are typically multilocular (have several lobes), and the cysts have a smooth lining of epithelium that resembles endocervical epithelial cells with small numbers of gastrointestinal-type epithelial cells. Borderline and malignant mucinous tumors often have papillae and solid areas. There may also be hemorrhage and necrosis.
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It is well documented that malignancy may be only focally present in mucinous neoplasms of the ovary, so thorough sampling is imperative.
The major distinguishing features of mucinous tumors are that the tumors are filled with a mucus-like material, which gives them their name; this mucus is produced by mucus-secreting goblet cells very similar to the cells lining normal intestine.
These tumors may become very large, some have been weighed as large as 25 kilograms.
Cystadenocarcinomas (malignant tumors) contain a more solid growth pattern with the hallmarks of malignancy: cellular atypia and stratification, loss of the normal architecture of the tissue, and necrosis. The appearance can look similar to colonic cancer.
Clear stromal invasion is used to differentiate borderline tumors from malignant tumors.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei may present as a result of an ovarian mucinous tumor, however this is a rare cause of this condition, which is a rare condition. A more common cause of pseudomyxoma peritonei is a mucin-producing tumor of the appendix.
Since mucinous tumors arising from the ovary usually only involve one ovary, the presence of involvement in both ovaries with a mucinous tumor suggests that the tumor may have arisen in another location, and further study is warranted.
The risk of mucinous tumors is significantly associated with smoking: relative risk for current smokers 2.22 (2.22 times the risk for non-smokers) and 2.02 for past smokers. Risk is also associated with smoking duration: relative risk per 20 years was 1.44. See article by Tworoger SS in Cancer March 1, 2008 using data from the Nurses Health Study.
Approximately 75% are benign, 10% are borderline and 15% are malignant. Rarely, the tumor is seen bilaterally; approximately 5% of primary mucinous tumors are bilateral.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "1. Tumours of the ovary". Female genital tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 4 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 48–54. ISBN 978-92-832-4504-9. Archived from the original on 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
- ↑ Euscher, Elizabeth D.; Hui, Jian-Jun (2021). "9. Ovarian epithelial neoplasia". In Wei, Jian-Jun; Hui, Pei (eds.). Practical Gynecologic Pathology: Frequently Asked Questions. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 225–262. ISBN 978-3-030-68608-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ↑ Smith, Roger P. (2023). "157. Mucinous ovarian cysts". Netter's Obstetrics and Gynecology (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 352354. ISBN 978-0-443-10739-9. Archived from the original on 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-09.